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-means "black rock"
-large cubic building in Mecca
-originally sanctioned by Abraham
-originally the site of Bedouin pilgrimage
-now the site of the Islamic pilgrimage, where they walk around it (circumambulation) |
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-form of theological speculation
-objections put forth and then response in form of "if they say...it is said to them..."
-The Mu'tazila used kalam |
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-Muhammad's first wife
-rich widow, married her when he was 25, she was 40
-He worked for her
-she was one of first converts |
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-Islamic political party
-Initially accepted 'Ali but then murdered him when he agreed to arbitration (with M.)
-They were strong at first, but then marginalized. |
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-Founder of Maliki school
-The Maliki school is based in Medina
-Stressed the importance of the hadith reports |
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| -Early converts immigrated here from Mecca (the Hijra) |
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-Political party, followed doctrine of created Qur'an
-Stressed rationality of humans, revelation supplements reason
-Supported under al-Ma'mun (Abbasid caliph)
-Fell b/c they were popular with the Shi'a and the Sunnis perceived this as a threat |
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-the movement of the Muslims from Mecca to Medina
-622 CE
-The year at which the Islamic calendar begins |
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-also known as the commenda
-an investor gives $$ or merchandise to an agent
-the agent trades it, returns the principal and a portion of the profit to the investor |
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-the clans of Qurayash were the leading tribes of Mecca when M. was born (he was a member)
-Qusayy was the patriarch
-Transformed Mecca into a commercial center & held custody over the Ka'ba |
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Term
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Definition
-Contrasted to Socratic tradition
-God=creator present in all life
-Truth=comes from revelation
-Nature of world=God can intervene at any point to change the basic principles
-Justice=more egalitarian, so appealed to broader and lower stratum |
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Term
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Definition
-A Muslim philosopher in 10th century
-Minimized diff. btw Aristotle and Plato
-Qur'an works like Plato's Republic
-M. is the "philosopher king"
-Represents the dominant way of thinking about philosophy |
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-governor of Syria
-Caliph from 661-680 (after 'Ali's death)
-First caliph of the Umayyad dynasty
-Known for attempt to unify clans & for hilm
-Emphasized centralized state power |
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-of Harran
-Qur'an verse: 2:62
-Accepted at least initially as they were monotheistic and believed in God and the Last Judgement |
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-Islamic law
-4 schools: Hanfi, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanbali |
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-Contrasted with Abrahamic tradition
-God=unmoved mover, creates & lets go
-Truth=comes from reason, won't contradict God's truth
-Nature of world=there is regularity
-Justice=more hierarchal, elitist |
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-Muhammad's favored wife
-Daughter of Abu Bakr
-Incident of "The Necklace"
-Remained powerful after M.'s death
-Battle of the Camel |
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-Husband of Hindt
-Merchant opposing the spread of Islam
-In movie, he was the merchant that chose to not fight the Muslims in order to save the caravans, and his side ended up losing |
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-Son of Abu Talib
-M's cousin and son-in-law(married Fatima)
-Elected Caliph after Uthman
-'A'isha opposed him (BoC)
-Negotiated w/ Mu'awiya (his opponent) which caused a Khariji to murder him |
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-Founder of Shafi'i school
-Muslim jurist
-Al-Shafi'i was most likely the one responsible for the shift to taking the sunna as the main law to follow |
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-Oldest of 4 schools
-Founded by Abu Hanifa
-Associated w/ Abbasid Caliphs
-Jurist preference (istihsan) |
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-Another school
-Most conservative
-Limit use of ijma (consensus of ulama - scholars - when interpreting Islamic law) |
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-Son of 'Ali
-Killed by Yazid (son of Mu'awiyya)
-Martyr for the Shi'ites |
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-Son of 'Ali
-Killed by Yazid (son of Mu'awiyya)
-Martyr for the Shi'ites |
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-Translated works from Greek into Arabic, making them available to Arab elite
-Works like: Aphorisms of Hippocrates, Corpus of Galen, Plato, Aristotle, Archimedes |
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