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World War II
Chapter 9
67
History
11th Grade
04/16/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Speak Easies
Definition
place where alcohol was served because of Prohibition
Term
The 1920's were a Reaction to?
Definition

1. WWI

2. New techonology of industial revolution 

3. Imperialist country

4. Racial Climate

5. Nationalism

 

Term
The reaction was reflected through?
Definition
1. Fundamentalism
2. Modernism
3. Nativism
4. Change in Economy
5. Conservative Politics 
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition

social movement based in religion. It called all Americans to respect 5 basic fundamental beliefs.

1. Biblical infallibility

2. Virgin birth

3. Christ's resurrection

4. Authenticity of Miracles

5. Dispensationalist (forgiveness)  

Term
Biblical infallibility  
Definition
if you believe in this then you believe in creationism. Scopes, Monkey Trial = Ex.
Term
Scopes Monkey Trial
Definition
Butler Bill said you cant teach evolution in any school. John T. Scopes was teaching evolution. His lawyer- Clarence Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryan representing state fundamentalism. Bryan won but fundamentalism fell.
Term
Modernism
Definition
based on consumerism. changing role for women- divorce rate went up (flappers etc.). Also the era of emigres, Post-Expressionism, Abstract Art, and Jazz, Harlem Renaissance, and rebellion against social moors.
Term
consumerism
Definition
people could buy everything they need.
Term
emigres
Definition
American writers who became disenchanted with life here in the US and so they went to Europe to write and live. (T.S. Elliot, Earnest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, E.F. Scott Fitzgerald: Great Gatsby)
Term
Post Expressionism and Abstract Art
Definition
art that challenges the rules- out of the box, different shades and different colors.
Term
Jazz
Definition
Born in New Orleans, predominantly black music.
Term
Harlem Renaissance
Definition
celebration of African American culture. Born in New York. due to the Great Migration from WWI
Term
Nativism
Definition
Between June 1920 and June 1921= 800,000 immigrants entered US. S+E Europeans and Asia. so put highly restrictive immigration laws
Term
Emergency Immigration Act 1921
Definition
3% of the number of foreign born persons according to the 1910 census
Term
Emergency Quota Act 1924
Definition
2% of the number of foreign born persons according to the 1890 census.
Term
1890 Census
Definition

Take 2% of:

N/W- 300,000 = 9,000

S/E- 150,000 = 3,000

Asia- 20,000 = 400

 

Term
1910 Census
Definition

Take 3% of:

N/W- 100,000 = 3,000

S/E- 300,000 = 9,000

Asia- 20,000 = 600 

Term
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
Definition
Italian anarchists and atheists, and draft dodgers on trial for murder. Sacco was arrested for looking guilty even though he was at the Italian Consult's Office getting a passport. Arrested because they were un-American and were executed.
Term
Changing Economy
Definition
over all its up during the 1920's. At onset of 1920's America was worlds leading industrial power. There were new industries like- Consumer Industries. Also large debt from credit.
Term
Consumer Industries
Definition
appliances, communications, entertainment, advertising, aviation, tobacco, automobile. (Model T Cars)
Term
Conservative Politics
Definition

President Harding

President Coolidge

President Hoover

Term
President Harding
Definition
Slogan: "Return to Normalcy"
Conservative Republican (pro-business)
Taxes went down and Tariff went up (laissez-faire economics)
Appointed 4 Conservative's to Supreme Court
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
 
Term
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
Definition
3 Reserved oil fields were leased to private companies by the secretary of the interior under Harding in return for a bribe of 400,000 dollars. The party support didn't change- people liked a shift towards more conservative politics
Term
President Coolidge
Definition
Slogan: "Keep Cool with Coolidge"
Harding's VP (1 term president)
Nickname: Silent Cal
Focused on industrial development and laissez-faire
He reduced deficit, cut veteran bonuses and vetoed McNary-Haugin Farm Bill 
Term
McNary-Haugin Farm Bill
Definition
Under President Coolidge. It would have been expensive but its intention was to support declining prices in the agricultural market for agricultural products.
Term
President Hoover
Definition
He was the secretary of Commerce under Coolidge
With his election we see tiny crack in the solid south
    He got some electoral votes from the south
Taxes went down and Tariff went up
Hawley-Smoot 1930
He condemned patronage (spoils system)
Supported women and blacks in fight for equality
Agricultural Farming Act
He was elected in 1928 and went into office in 1929 
Term
Hawley-Smoot 1930
Definition
Under Hoover, the tariff hit its all time high with this.
Term
Agricultural Farming Act
Definition
Under Hoover, created a Farm Board that was to listen to farmer's grievances and allocated 500 million dollards to help farmers.
Term
The Great Depression
Definition
The causes were all the way back from the 1920's. Hoover was president and didnt know what to do. But he emphasized local, private, and volunteer initiatives. October 29th 1929- Stock Market Crashed. Close to 100,000 American businesses closed. Farm income was cut in half. GNP (Gross National Product) cut in half. 6,000 National Banks closed. About 25% unemployed. Marriage and Birth rates went down.
Term
Stock Market Crash
Definition
October 29th 1929. people tried to sell 16.4 million shares of stock becase the British raised their interest rates. American investors feared that America would do the same and if interest rates went up then people couldnt make their minimum payments. On September 3rd 1929- stock market hit its high. By the end of October the NY stock exchange lost 37% of value. By end of November American investors lost over 30 billion dollars.
Term
Causes of the Depression
Definition
1. Unequal distribution of wealth
2. Sharply declining international trade
3. Weak international economy
4. Inadiquate government regulation
5. Weakness in the Corporate Structure
6. Psychological Impact of the Crash
7. Too much credit for too many people
8. Drought 
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
Great Plains of the US which was hit hardest by the Depression. 1935- 1938 a series of destructive dust storms hit- making it one of the worst environmental disasters in history. Acres in Missouri, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas were destroyed. Because of conversion to wheat farming, intense grazing, and 1931 drought. People left (Oakies) to go to California and called Hillbillies.
Term
Oakies
Definition
The people who fled the Dust Bowl to go to California for a better life.
Term
Hillbillies
Definition
The people who fled the Dust Bowl and went to California and stayed in California to persue a better life.
Term
Hoover's Depression plan
Definition

local, private and volunteer initiatives.

1. RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)

2. 2 and a quarter billion for public works

3. Norris La-Guardia Anti-Injunction Act 

Term
RFC
Definition

Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

A government lending bank for big business. One of Hoover's Depression steps

Term
Norris La-Guardia Anti-Injunction Act
Definition
Part of Hoover's Depression plan. It outlawed yellow dog contracts, forbid the use of injunctions to stop strikes, boycotts, or peaceful pickets.
Term
Views of Hoover
Definition

1. He was an insensitive do nothing.

2. He was a courageous defender of important American values, self help and individualism

3. His ideas were evolving and they laid the foundation for FDR's New Deal Program 

Term
FDR Election of 1932
Definition
Republicans nominated Hoover, Democrats nominated FDR. Republicans cannot win because people dont like them. FDR's song was "Happy days are here again." He was evasive on the tariff and ambiguous on farm policy.
Term
FDR Presidency
Definition
1st and 2nd New Deal Programs. 3 R's from the Brain Trust. Fireside chats.
Term
New Deal Program
Definition
FDR's Program. Created by the Brain Trust which summarized 3 R's- Relief (labor + people), Recovery (business + economy), Reform (American economic institutions). This program occured in 1 phase and then a 2nd phase.
Term
Fireside Chats
Definition
People were scared, so FDR knew that if the New Deal was going to be successful people would have to try it. He presented his proposals through these.
Term
1st New Deal Program
Definition

1st 100 Days of FDR's Presidency-

1. Emergency Banking Relief Act

2. Glass-Steagall Act

3. FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Act)

4. CCC (Civilian Conservation Core)

5. AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

6. TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

7. NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)

 Not part of 100 Days-

8. SEC (Security and Exchange Commissions)

Term
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Definition

Part of 1st 100 days New Deal Program. March 1933. FDR talked about in fireside chat. Closed American banks and gave government power to examine the finances of all banks. Only those banks that were stable were allowed to re-open. Lent money to stable banks to keep them stable. It did away with the gold standard.

Recovery

Term
Glass-Steagall Act
Definition

Part of 1st 100 days New Deal Program. FDR created the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Company) under this. It insures bank deposits up to a limit. Gave federal government power to regulate the use of credit.

Reform- we can regulate use of credit

Recovery- it is fixing the bank problems

Term
FERA
Definition

Part of 1st 100 days New Deal Program. (Federal Emergency Relief Act) made by FDR. It offered grants to state and local governments so that they could help the jobless and the homeless. Headed by Harry Hopkins who expanded to include- education, student aid, and rural rehabilitation.

Relief

Term
CCC
Definition

Part of 1st 100 days New Deal Program with FDR. (Civilian Conservation Core). Gave work to unemployed and unmarried men between ages of 18 and 25. eventually employed over 2 million men in various conservation projects on federal land.

Relief

Term
AAA
Definition

Part of 1st 100 days New Deal Program with FDR. (Agricultural Adjustment Act). It contained every major plan applicable to farm relief. It asked farmers to cut back on production in an effort to raise prices.

Relief

Term
TVA
Definition

Part of 1st 100 days of New Deal Program with FDR. (Tennessee Valley Authority). It put people to work developing the resources of the Tennessee Valley. It was a multi-purpose public corporation. 1000's of people built damns, operated electric power plants, worked on erosion and flood control, and manufactured fertilizer.

Relief

Term
NIRA
Definition

Part of 1st 100 days of New Deal Program with FDR. (National Industrial Recovery Act). It created the NRA (National Recovery Administration). Job was to guarantee profits for big business while also guaranteeing fair wages and hours for workers (gave them power to collective bargaining and unionization). 3.3 billion dollars for public buildings, highway programs and flood control. NIRA declared unconstitutional. Case that ruled this was Schechter vs. US (sick chiken case).

Reform and Relief

Term
Schechter vs. US
Definition
(Sick Chicken Case). Court case that ruled the NIRA unconstitutional. The Schechter poultry corporation was accused of breaking the law by selling chicken un-fit for human consumption. So they broke the Live Poultry Code which was a clause under the NIRA. Supreme Court decided unconstitutional on 3 grounds. 1. NIRA regulated business that was intrastate
2. It delegated too much power to executive branch
3. There was no consitutional authority for the legislation. 
Term
SEC
Definition

Not Part of 1st 100 days of New Deal Program with FDR. (Security and Exchange Commissions). It regulated the stock market and controled speculation.

Reform

Term
2nd New Deal Programs
Definition
1. WPA
2. National Labor Relations Act
3. Revenue Act 1935
4. Social Security Act 
Term
WPA
Definition

Part of 2nd New Deal with FDR. (Works Progress Administration). It spent million of dollars between 1935 and 1940 providing people with jobs. 3.4 Million Americans worked for the WPA. Built bridges, highways, airports, public buildings, etc.

Relief

Term
National Labor Relations Act
Definition

Part of the 2nd New Deal with FDR. (Wagner Act). Replaced the NIRA after unconstitutional. Guaranteed the right to unionize, to collective bargaining, and outlawed unfair business practices. Created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) which enforced the law and protected workers rights.

Reform

Term
Revenue Act of 1935
Definition

2nd New Deal Program with FDR. (Soak the Rich Tax). Raised the level of taxes for the wealthy and changed the American tax system.

Reform

Term
Social Security Act
Definition

2nd New Deal Program with FDR. Considered the corner stone of the New Deal. Created a Federal Insurance Program for the aged, indigent, handicapped, and the unemployed. It made a Pension Fund for the retired over 65, and a Shared Federal and State unemployment insurance program, old age assistance, aid for dependent children, and aid for the blind.

Reform

Term
Opposition to the New Deal Program
Definition
1. Supreme Court
2. Huey Long
3. Frances Townshend
4. Father Coughlin 
Term
Supreme Court Opposition to the New Deal
Definition
By end of FDR's 1936 term the Supreme court ruled against the New Deal in 7 of 9 cases reviewed. so FDR wanted to put 50 new Federal Judges including 6 new Supreme Court Judges. All the cases had been 4-5 from the Supreme Court, now it would be 10-5. He also wanted to reduce power of all Federal Judges over the age of 70 who served more than 10 years. The Court Packing Scheme happened. but in Spring 1937 Justice Owen Roberts changed sides and it was now 5-4 (so this didnt happen)
Term
The Court Packing Scheme
Definition
FDR tried to change the number of Justices and power. it created lots of opposition because it was insulting to older congressmen and Americans.
Term
Huey Long in Opposition to the New Deal
Definition
He came up with the Share Our Weath but was assissinated. He wanted to liquidate all large personal fortunes.
Term
Frances Townshend in Opposition to the New Deal
Definition
doctor from San Francisco who saw old ladies looking for food in the trash and so he came up with the Townshend Plan.
Term
Townshend Plan
Definition
Created by Frances Townshend. Wanted to create a 2% federal sales tax and use that money to provide payments of 200 dollars a month to all workers over the age of 60 who were retired and would spend the entire 200 a month.
Term
Father Coughlin in Opposition to the New Deal
Definition
Radio Priest who was anti-semetic and fascist. he condemned American bankers. He wanted to get rid of those bankers and nationalize the banks and he wanted to coin silver.
Term
Significance and Legacy of the New Deal
Definition
1. Served to Centralize Federal Power
2. Marked a change in the use of government power
3. It led to a re-alignment of Political parties
4. It was a liberal program
5. It was not successful  
Term
WWI a direct cause of WWII
Definition
WWI domestically caused depression, Great Migration, and racial problems. Foreign Policy- they want to protect and isolate themselves from this.
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