Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
-Japan attacked Manchuria
World Response:
-League Rebuke
US Response:
-nothing |
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Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
1.Italy attacks Ethiopia
2.Hitler begins universal conscription
3. Krystalnacht- Night of Broken Glass- broke store windows of Jews
World Response:
1. League-weak embargo
-rejected embargo of oil
-refused to close Suez canal
2. No Response
3. Nothing
US Response:
1. triple oil sales to Italy
-after Ethiopia- Neutrality Acts passed (illegal to sell weapons to "belligerents")
2. No Response
3. US restates Origins Act- no increased immigration |
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Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
1.Hitler violates Versailles again-troops into Rhineland (Rhine Rvr)
2. Spanish Civil War
3. Rome-Berlin Axis signed-formal alliance between Germany/Italy
World Response:
1. No Response-GBr- he's moving into his own backyard
2. Germany/Italy- help Franco-practices Blitzkrieg
-USSR- helped socialist gov
3. nothing
US Response:
1. 2nd Neutrality Act- no loans or credits to belligerents (1984- Nye Commission)
2. 3rd Neutrality Act-extended 1 & 2 to civil wars (informal- US citizens went to fight Franco)
3. nothing |
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Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
1. Japan-Rape of Nanking- (rice rich China)
World Response:
1. nothing
US Response:
1. embargos sale of scrap metal to Japan
-4th Neutrality Act- can't travel on belligerent ships |
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Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
1. Austrian Anschuss
2. Czechoslovakia dismembered
3.Studentenland
4. Hitler takes all of Czech
World Response:
1. nothing
2. Appeasement Glorified
3. Munich Pact
-Neville Chamberlain
4. Br/Fr sign a treaty to protect Poland
US Response:
1. nothing
2. nothing
3. nothing
4. nothing |
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Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
1. August 23- Soviet/Nazi- Anti-Aggression Act (secretly agreed to split Poland)
World Response:
1. Sep 3- Br/Fr declare war- sitzkrieg
US Response:
1. late '39- Amends Neutrality Acts- cash & carry |
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Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
1. German Blitzkrieg in West Europe
-April- Denmark/Norway
-May 10- June22: Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg/France
World Response:
1. Britain fights on alone- Battle of Britain (air war)
US Response:
1. Lend-Lease (making the "arsenal of democracy") |
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Term
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Definition
Acts of Aggression:
1. June-attacks USSR
2. Japan invades SE Asia (Vietnam)
3. Dec- Pearl Harbor
World Response:
1. War
2. Nothing
3. Hitler declares war on US after US declares war on Japan
US Response:
1. US first peace-time draft
2. US freezes Jap assets in US
3. US declares war on Japan |
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Term
| Dictators who rose to Power |
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Definition
1922- Mussolini- Italy
1924- Stalin- USSR
1933- Hitler- Germany
1936- Franco- Spain
1941- Tojo- Japan |
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Term
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Definition
*Allies
US
Britain
France
USSR
China-Mao Zedong (Communist), Jiang Kai-Shek (Nationalism) |
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Term
| What role did US play in the war? |
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Definition
| US needed Men (people-350,000 women), Machines, Money |
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Term
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Definition
selective service-draft
-16 mil served
-1 in 5 American families had someone serve
-Over 6400 local draft boards- 18 to 26 initially (later to 45) |
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Term
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Definition
Determined status
I-fit
II-critical occupations
III-dependents
IV-unfit
(II-IV- exemptions)
*prejudice- esp in South |
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Term
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Definition
Revenue Act 1942- changes income tax
-drops eligible income rate (cut from 1500 to 650)
-added 13 mil new taxpayers
-changes rates (6% to 94%)
-paycheck withholding
Cost of War?
$245 bil- more than all US budgets from 1789-1940 combined
-approx 1/3 borrowed |
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Term
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Definition
"War Machines"
-US- full mobilization
Office of War Mobilization- James Byrnes
-rationing-kept supplies for soldiers, kept inflation to 28% (consumer spending- rose 12%, only in global econ)- 2 gal gas/week
-Atomic Bomb- 2 bil Dollars- Manhattan Project |
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Term
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Definition
consumer economy
-wage/price controls
-rationing
-growth
-inflation
-taxes |
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Term
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Definition
*Tripartite Pact
Italy
Germany
Japan |
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Term
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Definition
| renounced war as a national policy |
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Term
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Definition
1935
Illegal to sell weapons to "belligerents" which punished both aggressor/defender |
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Term
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Definition
1936
banned loans to belligerents |
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Term
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Definition
1937
extended 1st and 2nd N. Acts to civil wars |
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Term
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Definition
1939
forbade US citizens from traveling on ships belonging to belligerent nations |
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Term
| National Origins Act of 1924 |
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Definition
| aimed at further restricting Southern and Eastern Europeans and prohibited immigration of Middle Easterners, East Asians, and Asian Indians |
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Term
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Definition
| was a demilitarized zone in Germany (to protect France) |
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Term
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Definition
1934
exposed practices by American arms manufacturers that led to American involvement in WWI (lobbying, bribing, some were even currently supplying to fascist gov) |
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Term
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Definition
"lightning war"
-technique used by German military to take enemy by surprise using advanced military technology (tanks, aircraft) |
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Term
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Definition
| Austrians had "voted" 90% to join Germany |
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Term
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Definition
Night of Broken Glass
named for the shattered glass of Jewish shops in the streets after series of attacks on Jews in Nazi Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain gave over Sudetenland (west Czechoslovakia) to Hitler, who promised this was his last demand |
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Term
| Soviet/Nazi Non-Aggression Pact |
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Definition
| Germany and USSR also secretly decide to divide Poland |
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Term
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Definition
| "sitting war" or phony war |
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Term
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Definition
amendment to 1st N Act
-countries can now buy weapons but must use own shipping and pay in cash (to prevent loans and American ships being sunk) |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany attacks Britain on water and by air for two solid months, British RAF (Royal Air Force) shoots down more aircraft than it loses, and Hitler calls invasion off indefinitely |
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Term
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Definition
| US loans weapons to defend democracies, making US an "arsenal of democracy" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Because of Pearl Harbor, discrimination and suspicion of Japanese Americans led to their internment during the war (1942 to end of war)
-both Issei (first gen) and Nisei (second gen) were imprisoned, but over 2/3 were Nisei, making them US citizens
Interestingly, in Hawaii (where Pearl Harbor had taken place and where the Jap made up of about half the pop), there was barely an discrimination, but in CA (where Jap consisted of only 1%), prejudice and discrimination abounded |
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Term
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Definition
South-> North (particularly African Americans)
East-> West
1 in 5 families moved |
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Term
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Definition
Pre-war:
-3 out of 4 lived in South
-3 out of 4 not finished high school
-1/10 illiterate
-9 out of 10 families lived below poverty level
WWII opened many new economic and social opportunities to Blacks, especially in jobs (FDR passed a law banning discrimination in defense industries
Post-War:
-majority of blacks lived outside the Confederacy and moved out of agriculture/domestic industries
Ex- a woman earned $3.50/week as a maid to $48/week as a riveter |
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Term
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Definition
Roosevelt and Churchill met to declare Allied goals for the post-war world
-included disarmament, self-determination, freedom of the seas, guarantees of each nation's security, economic cooperation |
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Term
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Definition
Germans pushed back by Soviets
-turning point-signals beginning of Germany's retreat and eventual defeat |
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Term
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Definition
June 6, 1944
-Allied invasion of Northern France- largest land-sea-air operation in army history |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler's "last gasp" offensive- orders surprise attack on Allied forces- fails and Germans are pushed back |
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Term
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Definition
1942
-stopped Japanese advancement towards Australia and Hawaii
-After Midway, US began policy of island hopping, moving closer to Japan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| last two battles before Japan is bombed |
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Term
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Definition
led invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa-sucessful
-Also led D-day invasion |
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Term
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Definition
D-day general
-he and his Third Army advanced and reached the Seine River south of Paris, the capital was liberated two days later |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| freed the Philippines and largely responsible for Japan's recovery economically and politically (MacArthur Constitution) |
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Term
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Definition
German General
-General who led North Africa campaign, eventually surrendered |
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Term
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Definition
1945
-temporary division of Germany into four zones (one each for US, Britain, USSR, and France)
-Stalin promises "free and unfettered" elections in Poland and other countries USSR occupied
-Stalin agrees to join in war against Japan and participate in international conference in San Francisco (where UN would be born) |
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Term
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Definition
| post-war occupation zones |
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Term
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Definition
democratic governments were installed in countries, but they were largely ineffective and impotent, causing people to turn away to more radical leaders who promised change and peace.
Thus dictatorships became popular
(Italy, USSR, Germany, Spain, Japan) |
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