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| The ejection of someone through a window |
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| An even that immeaditely precedes an outcome and therefore provides the most direct explanation for it. |
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| A variant of the rational action model. The Theory asserts that leaders evaluate policies by combining their estimation of the utitility |
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| A theory that postulates that war occurs when one state becomes powerful enough to challenge the dominant state and reorder the hierarchy of power within the international system. |
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| Efforts by states to improve their economic situation through military expansion, usually to gain better control of resources and markets. |
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| Military Industrial Complex |
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| A term made popular by President Dwight D. Eisenhower that refers to a group consisting of a nations armed forces, weapon suppliers and manufacturers, and elements within the civil service involved in defense efforts. |
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| The doctrine that recognizes the nation as the primary unit of political allegiance. |
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| The tendency for traits that increase the likelihood of individual survival to become more common in future generations of a species. |
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A phrase coined by prussian strategist Karl von Clausewitz to characterize the difficulties in controlling war once it starts.
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Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty
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| An agreement signed in 1968 that states wuthout nuclear weapons will refrain from getting them and that they will allow detailed inspections that other states can be certain they are fulfilling their obligations. |
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| A doctrine nominall adopted by the states after World War 1 that specified that when one state commited agression all other states would join together to attack it. |
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| The introduction of foreign troops or observers into a religion, in order to increase confidence that states will refrain from the use of force. |
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| The use of violence or the threat of violence to acheive a political goal. |
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| The use of a threat to change another actor's behavior. |
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| The ability and will to carry out a threat. |
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| A policy aimed at convincing a potential opponent not to attack by raising the costs of attack so that they are higher than the perceived benefits. |
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| The difficult choice faced by states in anarchy between arming, which risks provking a response from others, an not arming, which risks remaining vulnerable. |
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| The likelihood that a crisis, will have dynamics that tend to lead to war. |
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| Precision-Guided Munitions |
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| Weapons with guidance systems and maneuvering capability that allows them to strike individual targets with a high degree of accuracy. Also known as smart bombs. |
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| An effort to overthrow the political power in a territory through violence. |
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| War in which tactics of harassment and ambush are favored over direct battle. |
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| Use or threat of violence by nongovernmental actors to change government policies by creating fear or further violence. |
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| A conflict between actors with very different strengths vulnerabilities and tactics. |
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| Reducing barriers to trade. (Increasing free trade.) |
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| International Political Economy |
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| The two way relationship between international politics and international economics. |
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| A process in which international trade increases relative to domestic trade: in which the time it takes for goods, people, information, and money to flow across borders and the cost of moving them are decreasing: and in which the world is increasingly defined by single markets rather than by many seperate markets. |
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| Fiscal policy refers to government budgets, and in particular whether they are in surplus or deficit. When economic growth is slow, running a budget deficit can stimulate economic growth. |
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| Monetary Policy refers to the government ability to influence the economy through its control over interest rates. |
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| Theory Of Comparitive Advantage |
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| A theory developed by the english economist David Ricardo to show logically how and why trade is beneficial to both partners. |
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| A situation in which ny gains by one side are offset by losses for another; the positive gains of one side and the losses of the other side add up to zero. |
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| Export minus imports: a net accounting of how much in the way goods and services is exported from a country compared with how much is imported. |
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| A narrower approach to free trade that advocates retaliation against states that are perceived as cheating on free trade by using various barriers to trade to stimulate their economies |
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| The price of one currency in terms of another |
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| Measures taken by states to limit their imports. |
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| A numerical limit on the amount of a certain item that can be imported. |
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| A tax on imprts, used to protect domestic producers from foreign competition. |
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| Direct payments to producers to help them remain profitable. |
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| A trading doctrine that focused on state oiwer in a conflictual world. |
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| A promblem with free trade arising from the fact that if one state can gain more wealth from a given transaction, it can potentiall increase its military power. |
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| The belief, widespread in modern times, that states should seek a trade surplus. |
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| According to John Ruggie, the normative consensus that guided international economic arrangements after World War 2. It Combined a commitment to expansion of free trade with acceptance that states would have to intervene domestically to protect themselves from the effects of free trade. |
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