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| Which Ottoman Sultan emphasized the need to become a sea power, improve education, and reform the tax system? |
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| Which emperor ruled during the Byzantine Empire and attempted to restore the western Roman territories to a time prior to its fall in the 400s? |
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| Which group arrived in Iran in 1218 under the leadership of Genghis Khan where it devastated the area? |
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| Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire? |
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| He made changes to the Roman law that became known as the Code of Hammurabi. |
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| In 1054, the Christian church split into the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. What was this split called? |
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| Which structure was constructed under the orders of Justinian I for use as a church, but was later turned into a mosque when Muslims conquered Constantinople? |
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| Which group's leader took the title of sultan, or "holder of power"? |
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-The Seljuks
-Leader Tugrul |
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| Which nomadic herders moved from land to land in search of grass for their livestock and were considered a strong force when they were all united? |
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| Under whose leadership were the Ottomans finally able to capture Constantinople? |
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| Which of the following did NOT occur after the fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453? |
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| The Ottomans refused to permit anyone in the region that was not a Muslim. |
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| What year was the Devshirme system instituted? |
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| Reason why the Ottoman state was successful. |
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The first ten Ottoman rulers were very capable because of their skill and military prowess, and they did not practice too much bloodletting. However, because primogeniture was unknown in the Middle East, succession was always a problem. If a ruler had many offspring, it increased the number of candidates for power. Questions arose about how to resolve succession issues; the rule of thumb became that those sons closest to the capital at the death of the ruler would win. Fratricide provided another option.
The development of a partial meritocracy in the government developed; what came to matter most was whether or not an individual had talent, and therefore received preferential treatment. The early Ottomans drew significantly upon Jewish talent.
The rulers and the state nurtured trade and commerce with good transportation. Massive state intervention happened along the caravanserai trade routes and pilgrimage routes.
The military was divided into two branches: the Siphahi and the Janissaries. The Sipahi were a semi-feudal cavalry in which the officers were paid in land and given the right to revenues on the land—sort of like vassals—and in exchange for rights of revenue, would provide a certain number of fighters. This did not bankrupt the empire and provided a good arrangement of cavalry. As new areas opened to Ottoman control, this system also provided for a basic administrative network. However, cavalry decreased in importance as gunpowder use increased. |
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Not supposed to marry
not supposed to have any other job
Their title was not passed down to their sons. |
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| Chieftan Osman, Ottoman empire |
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| leaders of the Ottomans = Sultans captured young men as slaves and turned them into elite soldier called Janissaries. The Janissaries were particularly adept at integrating new technologies, like gunpowder, artillery (canons), and muskets. |
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| The Magnificent (1520-1566) reigned over the Ottoman throne in what is sometimes considered the empire's golden age, as it was during this period that the empire reached its largest extent. |
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| The most educated of the mughals. |
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| akbar created what religion |
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