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| people who travel from place to place and live off the land--don't have a permanent home |
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| Muhammad's migration/journey |
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| main trade city, place where Muhammad was born |
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-monotheistic
-God=Allah
-no priest/messenger--each person is expected to worship God directly
-believe in heaven/hell
-The Five Pillars |
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1)Faith
2)Prayer
3)Alms
4)Fasting
5)Pilgrimage |
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-to become Muslim, you have to testify that "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah"
-phrase is repeated in Islam rituals and daily Muslim life |
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-pray five times a day
-face towards Mecca
-brings them closer to God
-pray at a mosque |
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-Muhammad taught that Muslims have responsibility to support less fortunate
-give alms (money for the poor) through special religious tax |
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-called Ramadan
-can't eat between dawn and sunset
-simple meal eaten at end of day
-fast to remind them that they have "greater needs than bread" |
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-called hajj
-all Muslims go on pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime
-used to be hard journeys-now people take planes
-at pilgrimage events pilgrims wear identical clothing so they are all equal before God |
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-sect of Islam
-believe people should live their lives by Muhammad's example
-focus on what Muhammad did in his life |
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-brings religion into everything
-focus on what Muhammad did but also what Quran says to do |
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| Links between other religions |
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-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all worship same single God
-all believe in prophets who share God's word
-Quran is word of God that was revealed to Muhammad in same way that Torah was revealed to Moses and New Testament was revealed to Gospels
-all have concept of heaven/hell and a day of judgement
-all trace their ancestry back to Abraham |
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Muslim leaders extend religious tolerance to other people with a "holy book"--therefore have to tolerate Jews and Christians
-However, extremists believe that if they kill people who contradict their religion they will be rewarded in heaven |
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-Muhammads successor elected by Muslim community
-chosen because Muhammads friend and was respected for devotion to Islam |
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| -took over after caliphs were assassinated -they had financial and military support -moved capital from Mecca to Damascus |
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-One of three separated branches of Islam (didn't accept Umayyad family)
-followed Muhammad's example and stopped following his family
-had same belief system as Sunna and Shi'a but reacted differently to Umayyad rule |
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-One of three separated branches of Islam (didn't accept Umayyad family)
-believed Caliph had to be related to the Prophet
-followed what Quran said to do
-had same belief system as Sunna and Shi'a but reacted differently to Umayyad rule |
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-One of three separated branches of Islam (didn't accept Umayyad family)
-lived in poverty and followed spiritual path
-had same belief system as Sunna and Shi'a but reacted differently to Umayyad rule |
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-people who converted to Muslim
-paid higher taxes than upper class |
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"protected people"-Jews, Christians, etc
-higher tax than upper and second classes |
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-slaves/prisoners of war
-all non-muslims |
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-men were in charge and women were expected to be obedient
-Quran declares, as believers, men and women are equal
-Shari'a gave women specific legal rights regarding marriage, property, and family
-had more rights that European women of this time period |
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