Term
How can you tell a Protestant from a Catholic Church?
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Definition
Catholic Churches are more traditional, ritual, and ceremonial
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Protestant priests can marry
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Term
Why couldn't the pope burn Martin Luther or the Holy Roman Emperor get a hold of him?
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Definition
Because Martin Luther, was protected by a powerful ally.
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Term
Where is St.Peters?
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Definition
In the Vatican
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Term
Is the Vatican in Rome, or is it considered its own nation?
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Definition
The Vatican is considered its own nation
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Term
The 1540-1541 Society of Jesus members were called what?
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Definition
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Term
After mercenary St.Ignatius Loyola was wounded in battle and faces his own mortality, he begins to have visions of what?
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Definition
The Virgin Mary and Jesus
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Term
Who are the Jesuits?
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Definition
The elite of the priesthood, the most willing to lay down everything for others, and putting the church and the Pope above everything.
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Term
What is the code of St. Ignatius Loyola and his Society of Jesus?
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Definition
Chastity, Poverty, Obedience, and Undying Loyalty to the pope
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Term
What is St. Ignatius Loyola's title in his Society of Jesus?
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Definition
General Superior
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Term
The organization of the Society of Jesus is akin to what?
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Definition
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Term
What is one of the main missions of the Society of Jesus?
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Definition
To fight against Protestantism, which they successfully did in Poland
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Term
Whenever the Catholic Church is threatened, what do they do?
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Definition
Form a council to address the issue at hand
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Term
What were the big decisions made in the Catholic Counter Reformation Council of Trent?
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Definition
Pope is the Church Head
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Scripture and Tradition are Considered Equal
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Seven Sacraments are Reaffirmed
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Transubstantiation is fine
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Purgatory exists
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Indulgences are legal
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And the main bible is the Latin Vulgate
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Term
Whether you were a Protestant or Catholic minority, you are what?
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Definition
Persecuted for your religious belief
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Term
What was the Peace of Augsburg 1555?
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Definition
It was a meeting that recognized that Lutheranism was a legitimate Christian faith.
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Calvanists and Antibaptists, were not recognized as legitimate branches of Christian faith.
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Princes now were responsible for deciding upon the faith of their nation
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It decentralizes the Holy Roman Empire
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Term
What were beliefs of Antibaptists?
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Definition
They believe that men and woman are equal.
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They believe that men and women can be ministers
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Term
What were beliefs of the Calvinists?
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Definition
Predestination
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No drinking, no gambling, no prostitution
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Term
Who were the minority of french protestants/calvinists, who possessed large political power in the House of Bourbon?
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Definition
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Term
Who were the Guise?
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Definition
Radical Catholics
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Term
Who was the leader of the Huguenots?
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Definition
Gaspard de Coligny
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Term
Who were the three idiotic sons of Catherine de Medicis?
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Definition
Francis II
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Charles IX Valois
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Henry III Valois
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Term
What happens if you have a weak, inept, or young leader?
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Definition
Someone else attempts to step in to manage them, or someone else attempt to overthrow them
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Term
The Huguenots in france were forbidden from what?
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Definition
Holding peaceful assembly
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Converting people's faith
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Term
When was the Protestant Massacre, St. Bartholomew Massacre?
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Definition
August to September 1572
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Term
What is the number one goal of a politique?
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Definition
To be a french nationalist, a french political patriot
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Term
Who was Henry IV?
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Definition
An heir to the throne of France, a protestant, a calvinist, who converted to Catholicism to take the throne.
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He was a politique
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He became the first Bourbon Monarch of france, the Bourbon family would rule for many years.
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Term
What did Henry IV's Edict of Nantes 1598 do?
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Definition
Gave tolerance to the Hugenots
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Term
What is considered one of the greatest inventions of all time?
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Definition
The printing press
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Term
Who were the Calvary?
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Definition
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Term
How did the Infantry become dominate over the Calvary?
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Definition
Long bows, and pikes
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Term
Traditionally if you saw Calvary line up in front of you, and you didn't have Calvary, before Infantry, what was your only option?
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Definition
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Term
Who battled against each other in the battle of Sterling?
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Definition
The English Calvary against the Scottish Infantry
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Term
Infantry became what?
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Definition
The dominate arm of the Military Revolution from 1500 to 1800.
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Term
Artillery and Musketry added to what?
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Definition
The expense of warfare, only larger states can even afford them
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Term
Small ancillary states, lost power, in the 1440s, when what was introduced?
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Definition
Artillery that could dominate Castles
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Term
War promoted states to do what?
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Definition
Grow larger, to afford heavier artillery
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Term
The large cannon the Mons Meg, was used how many times due to its massive weight?
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Definition
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Term
What promoted the Military Revolution in Europe?
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Definition
From 1500 to 1700, there were only ten years of peace, meaning 190 years of war.
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Term
When did Europeans truly fight?
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Definition
During the Summer
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Term
In the 18th and 19th Century war begins to take place when?
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Definition
At all times a year
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Term
Why did Europeans not fight during the Winter before the 18th Century?
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Definition
Because they needed food to be able to fight
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Term
Armies that can move quickly are usually what?
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Definition
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Term
Armies that bring wagon trains of food are what?
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Definition
Slower and more vulnerable
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Term
What is one of the greatest African cities o the ancient world founded by Alexander the Great?
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Definition
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Term
Who in the 2nd Century, proved that the Earth was round mathematically?
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Definition
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Term
Ptolemy believed that there was a huge land mast at the bottom of the world that served what purpose?
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Definition
To balance the world
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Term
What did the Europeans learn from the Crusades?
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Definition
That their cities were so un-advanced, versus the eastern lands.
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Term
During the 11th to 14th century the Middle East was the center of what?
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Definition
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Term
Who was Marco Polo?
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Definition
An Italian trader, who traveled the world, and stayed in China which was controlled by the Mongrels, and became a court adviser.
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He traveled back to Italy and recorded his accounts of the world.
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Term
Who was a big fan of Marco Polo?
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Definition
Christopher Columbus
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Term
In the 1400s, Europe came up with Caravel ships with what innovation?
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Definition
Its sails could move 360 degrees, and the ships could travel across the oceans like never before.
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Term
What other inventions helped Europe travel across the water easier in the 1400s?
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Definition
Quadrant
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Compass
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Astrolabe
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Term
For many years before navigation technology existed, ships only went how far?
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Definition
Within sight of land
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Term
What was the endeavor of Prince Henry the Navigator?
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Definition
To find a way around Africa
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Term
What were the discoveries of Henry the Navigator's explorers?
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Definition
Azores, Canary, and Madeira Islands
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Term
What was the mission of King John II's emissaries?
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Definition
To find the mystical Prester John's Christian kingdom in Ethiopia
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Term
How did Bartolomeu Dias round the African Coast in the late 1480s?
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Definition
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Term
What did Bartolomeu Dias name the rounded African Coast?
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Definition
The Cape of Good Hope
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