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Church during the Middle Ages |
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| very powerful; only way to heaven is through the church; helped to support the monarchs through the doctrine of Divine Right |
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| plague that swept through Europe killing thousands of people - resulted in weakening the church b/c the church was helpless to do anything about the deaths |
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| class structure during the Middle Ages with the king at the top and serfs at the bottom - money/goods are exchanged for protection |
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| belief that kings and queens rule because it is God's will |
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| means "rebirth"; time period where there is a focus on the individual and on the ancient Greeks and Romans; large growth in the arts and economy |
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| invention during the Renaissance that helped to increase literacy because written manuscripts become much more affordable and accessible |
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The Renaissance Man - artist, scholar, scientist, philosopher, inventor Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper |
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| Renaissance artist who sculpted the David and painted much of the Sistine Chapel[image] |
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Renaissance playwright who classic works, such as Romeo and Juliet, are still considered masterpieces today [image] |
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home of the Renaissance; capital Rome; many classics works found there; people go to study them [image] |
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technique that gives a 3-deminsional appearance to paintings [image] |
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| smoky/cloudy technique Renaissance artists developed in order to add another component of depth to paintings |
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writing in the language of the people |
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1. selling indulgences 2. services in Latin 3. extravagent dress of the clergy 4. elaboratness of the churches etc. |
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| wrote the 95 Thesis; objected to practices of the church; helped found the Protestant Church |
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| reaction by the church to the Protestant Reformation; resulted in several changes in the practices of the church in order to stop loosing memebers |
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| Early Exploration Outside Europe |
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| population starts to grow rapidly during the Renaissance; there is not enough food; spices from India/Asia will help to lengthen the shelf-life; explorers trades begin go east to trade for spices |
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1. new trade routes 2. spread christianity 3. fame/glory 4. new land 4. gold and silver |
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| first explorer to circumnavigate the world; proved the world was round; died before he was able to return to Europe; only his crew made the trip |
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| soldier of fortune from Spain who brought down the Aztec Empire and killed Montezuma |
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| First to sail west; sailed for Spain; experimented with the idea that people could sail west; after his voyage, people stopped accepting "old knowledge" and want proof |
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exchange of plants, animals, disease, people, ideas, and goods between the "New World" and the "Old World" serious negative side effects (such as the devastation of Native peoples by disease) some positive side effects (new foods help feed growing European populations and horses introduced to Native Americans) |
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loose trade route going between Africa to the Americas (slaves); Americas to Europe (raw materials); Europe to Africa and Americas (manufactured goods) benefits Europe the most in terms of wealth |
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| longest route on the Triangle of Trade; leg that goes from Africa to the Americas with slaves for sale |
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| time period where people stop accepting traditional knowledge and only accept "proof" obtained through experimentation and observation |
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| developed by Francis Bacon; step-by-step procedures used to prove or disprove ideas |
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| ancient Greek from whom many Europeans looked back at and learned the value of logic and reason; scientist and philosopher |
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| scientist that said that the earth is not the center of the universe; angered the church; was forced by the church to take back his findings |
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philosopher that proved his own existance through logic and reason; "I think, therefore I am"; believed that all you needed was logic and reason in order to figure anything out |
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| Thermometer, barometer, microscope, telescope |
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Charles I Oliver Cromwell James II William of Orange |
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| Legislative body in England that was advisory to the King |
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| time period where William of Orange with the help of Parliament takes over the throne and establishes a Parliamenty Democracy; bloodless revolution |
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| Puritan leader of England during the Commonwealth; closed the theaters and cancelled Christmas during his reign; turned his role into a dictatorship |
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King of England; his death at the hands of the people during the English Civil War frightened the other monarchs of Europe |
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| scientist who formulated the scientific method; believed that ideas must be proven before they are believed to be true |
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| scientist who developed calculus and developed the theory on gravity |
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| document that Parliament made the king sign; first time ever that Divine Right and Absolutism are challenged |
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| son-in-law of James II; with the help of Parliament, William takes over the throne; coup known as the "Glorious Revolution" |
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the point located on the horizon line where the parallel lines in the scene appear to converge; used in the perspective technique [image] |
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