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| An indian belief that relates to fate and destiny |
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| rebirth of the soul after death |
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| bones found in china that had fortune questions on them |
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| ancient civilization located in the modern Middle East |
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| Book of Hindu hymns, poems, and songs |
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| stories written about the Hindu gods |
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| religious group in China that believed "all man was bad" and had harsh punishments and strict rules |
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-means duty
-if on fulfills their duty then they have good karma |
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-to abstain from injury
-non-violence |
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-A king
-Ruled Babylon
-Sent the Jews into exile
-Credited for the creation of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
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-wife of Thutmos II
-reigned in place of 6 yr. old step-son
-First women allowed by priests to be pharaoh
-wrote about her father on obelisks and put them around Egypt in his honor |
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-Ancient civilization
-located near the Indus River
-Created picture language in mud
-Learned early agriculture and farming techniques |
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-a king
-ruled Mesopotamia
-Chiseled law codes on the walls of Babylon
-Credited first kind to write down laws |
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-An emperor
- ruled over India
-embraced Buddhism
-Made monuments citing Buddha's teachings |
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-One of the two epics
-The story of the war in the Northern Plains of India
-Longest poem in the world
-contains the Bhatagava-gita |
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-Was a king
-Ruled part of Egypt
-Given credit for uniting Egypt |
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-Grew up in China during the War States
-was very poor, but grew up very knowledgeable
-a philosopher
-believed violence was tearing China apart
-teachings are still followed today |
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-Born as a royal prince in India
-Original name was Siddartha
-Left wife and son to seek enlightenment
-Reached nirvana and preached the cessation of suffering
-Still followed today |
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-Born as Amen Hotep IV
-Was an Egyptian pharaoh
-Fought with Egyptian priests
-Re-named Ra to Aten and made Aten the only god (monotheism)
-moved Egypt's capital to El Armana |
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-Pharaoh of Egypt
-built large statues, temples, and columns
-fought many battles against the Hittites
-lied in writings in his tomb that he won the battle of Kedesh |
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-lived in present day Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine
-lived in the North by the Sea coast
-lived in cities and traded with other kingdoms
-first group to invent an alphabet |
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-traders with the Hittites from the town of Assur
-Set up a big empire in Mesopotamia
-Eventually took over Egypt
-Beaten in battle by the Babylonians |
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-Iranian/Persian prophet and philosopher
-wrote the Gathas
-Created the Zoroastrian religion |
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-A king
-ruled Persia
-Tried to help Babylon fight off the Assyrians the first time
-was taken over by an Assyrian overlord |
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-Lived in present day Turkey
-Neighbors to the Egyptians
-fought many wars against Egypt, most frequently when Rameses II was pharaoh
-Made treat with Rameses after capturing him at the battle of Kedesh |
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-City in Egypt
-built on the Nile River
-Created a big flood wall
-called "city with white wall" |
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-A large river in the Middle East
-very important to Mesopotamian civilizations
-most early cities were built on it |
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-Chinese dynasty after the Chaou
-Once a providence of Chaou and took over other providences as well
-Ruled by Shih Wuang Ti and Li Ssu
-Centralized China with weights and measures, and enforced one written and spoken language |
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-Indo-Europeans
-conquered the Northern Plains of India
-had many kingdoms across the Northern plains
-created writing called Sanskrit that still found in India today |
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-Southern most part of Mesopotamia
-had their own Neolithic revolution
-first people to invent writing
-was later conquered by Ur |
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-Prince of Troy
-Escaped Troy by sea while it was burning
-Sailed into west Africa and landed in Carthage
-Had an affair with Dido
-Goes to Iberian peninsula and creates Aba Longa |
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-Roman goddess of cooking fire
-had a burning fire in her temple
-Fire was tended to by Vestal Priestesses
-Rhea Silva was forced by her uncle to be a priestess in order to remain pure |
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-brother of Remus
-Raised by wolves
-Killed Remus
-Mother is Rhea Silva, father is possibly Mars
-Founded Rome |
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-Neighboring tribe to Rome
-Invited to visit Rome by Romulus
-Convinced Sabine women to cook meals while the Sabine men went to get their weapons
-Roman men married or raped Sabine women while the men were away |
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-not really sure of their origins
-spoke Greek
-lived in urban polises
-very wealthy people
-conquered by Rome |
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-founded by the citizens of Tyre
-Ruled by Dido
-Said she would build the city withing a single cowhide
-Carthage later becomes a Roman city |
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-King of Epirus
-Helped fight the Romans
-Had war elephants
-had many victories against Rome
-Left Rome due to it costing so much money, later called Pyrrhic victory. |
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-an elected tribune
-wanted to help farmers who couldn't find jobs
-wanted to put cap on amount of land one could own
-becomes enemy of the senate
-Killed in street mob |
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-leader of the slave revolt
-Greek slave and gladiator
-Freed thousands of Roman slaves
-attempted to go back to Greece |
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-Son of Hamlicar Baraca
-becomes leader of Carthage
-lead Carthage army to 2nd Punic War
-won the battle of Cannae when he was supposed to lose |
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-major battle in 2nd Punic War
-Rome fighting against Carthage
-Hannibal fought 2 Roman armies and won
-was used as Shliefen Plan in WWII |
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-successful Roman war general
-started out in second command
-sent to Numidia to catch Jagurtha
- caught Jagurtha with the help of Sulla |
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-worked with Marius to capture Jagurtha
-mad at Marius for not giving him any credit
-gets elected to the Senate
-Conspires against Marius
-Becomes dictator of Rome |
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-decedents of "founding fathers" of Rome
-considered nobles
-could be members of the Senate
-could be counsel, have upper level jobs and participate in any legislature |
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-Punic is the language that Carthage spoke
-Name for wars between Carthage and Rome
-3 major Punic Wars
-Carthage initially didn't want to fight
-Rome eventually took over Carthage |
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-Etruscan
-last Roman King
-his son raped a noblewomen who afterwards killed herself
-Roman people were upset and chased the royal family out |
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-river in Italy
-has big rocks that people can cross over
-Rome was built on it
-come from the Mediterranean and curves North |
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-highest mountains in Europe
-cuts Italy off from the rest of Europe
-only has a few mountain passes
-Hard to cross so people avoid it |
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-a group of three men
-made a political alliance
-had 2 generals and one senator
-Wanted to bring an end to the Roman Republic |
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-a mountain range
-located in Southwest Europe
-Separates Spain and Portugal from the rest of Continental Europe
-Becomes Border for Rome |
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-A river
-located in Spain
-starts in the Pyrenees Mountains
-empties into the Mediterranean |
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-A Visigoth
-A regent for Romulus Agustalus
-Sends Romulus to the country side and took over being emperor of Rome
-Wanted to preserve Roman Culture |
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-Roman Emperor
-Rose through military ranks
-claimed to be emperor after previous emperor died in Persia
-wanted to make Rome's government an absolute monarchy |
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-An Italian city
-Built into the mountain side of Mt. Vesuvius
-Covered in 6ft of ash when Mt. Vesuvius erupted
-was well preserved by its entombment of ash and lava |
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-An Ostrogoth prince
-Held hostage by the Roman Empire in order to keep peace in Thrace
-Was educated like an upper-class Roman citizen
-Returned to rule Ostrogoths
-Became Western Roman Emperor after removing Odeacer |
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-Leader of the Visagoths
-Pushed west into the Roman empire after settling in Thrice
-asked for sanctuary in Southern Gaul and was denied
-attacked Rome before having a stroke and dying |
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-A battle between Rome and the German tribe of Teuto
-Took place in the forested mountains of Germany
-An embarrassing defeat of the Romans
-The Germans took 3 golden eagle figureheads from the Roman legions they defeated |
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-wife of Justinian
-Once was a circus performer
-When the Nike Riot broke out she forced Justinian to stay
-her staying allowed Justinian to regain control and keep order |
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-leader of the Huns
-swept across Europe from East to West
-Attacked Rome
-Was to by the Bishop of Rome that he'd die if he took over Rome
-After starting siege to Rome he died of a stroke |
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-Lover of Julius Ceaser and Marc Anthony
-Originally from Egypt, but moved to Rome with Julius Ceaser
-After Ceaser's assassination, she moved back to Egypt and met Marc Anthony
-Made new Roman emperor, Octavian mad after Marc Anthony led his twin sister, Octavia, for Cleopatra |
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-A Roman General
-Lead the campaign through North Africa, Sicily, and Italy during Justinian's expansion
-Wasn't liked by many senators and was replaced
-Asked to lead the battle front in Persia |
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-A European tribe that followed the Visagoths
-Attacked a naval yard and captured a Roman Navy in Spain
-Made a kingdom in North Africa
-Became pirates in the Mediterranean Sea |
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-Battle between Octavian verses Cleopatra and Marc Anthony
-Took place in the Mediterranean Sea
-Octavian was winning so Cleopatra dropped back to avoid defeat
-Marc Anthony kept fighting and lost |
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-Young Emperor of Rome
-Had a regent named Odeacer
-Odeacer wanted his throne
-Was sent to the country side by Odeacer and stayed there |
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-Son of Aggrapina
-Step-son of Claudius
-took over being emperor after his mother poisoned Claudius and his step-brother
-Ended hiring someone to kill his mother
-tried to rid Rome of Christians |
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-A Roman city
-Roman officials worked here while Rome was being rebuilt
-was surrounded and cut off by the Lombards when they refused to give them land and peace |
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-Battle between Emperor Constantine and Maxentius
-A fight over a bridge over the Tiber River
-Constantine won and became sole emperor of Rome
-Maxentius drowned in the Tiber |
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-one of the four generals who fought for the throne of Rome
-was the last one to be there and defeated the others
-was a good emperor and strong military leader
-first Flavian Emperor |
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-A poem
-written by Virgil
-was very long
-told the story of the beginning of Rome |
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-meeting of Christian Bishops
-took place in Nicaea in present day Turkey
-Convened by Emperor Constantine
-meant to maintain consensus throughout the church's practices |
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-An Italian Island
-Located by Sicily
-A beutiful, warm Island
-Many emperors vacationed here |
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-Roman Emperor
-built a wall in Northern Italy marking Rome's boundry in Britain
-he rebuilt the Pantheon and built the temple of Venus |
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-Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
-located were present day Istanbul, Turkey stands
-One of the 4 most holy Christian Cities |
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-King of the Francs
-Cruel Leader
-Rome liked him
-Ordered his people to be baptized as Christians |
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-A viking
-King of the Vikings
-Made Duke by the King of France
-Became Duke of Normandy |
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-A knight who overseas land
-had to swear loyalty to a kind
-protects the serfs
-required at least 30-40 days of military service |
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-mayor of the Palace
-Fought in the battle of Tours
-defeated the invading Muslims
-Has a son named Pipin |
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-a king of Wessex
-Defended against the vikings in Southern England
-encouraged education
-is regarded as a christian hero |
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-a king
-Ruled England as Richard I
-Song of King Henry and Elenore of Aquitaine
-Was a successful battle leader, except for one unimportant battle, which he was wounded and later died |
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-Son of Charles Martel
-A good leader
-Mayor of the Palace
-Didn't like his king so he took over as King of France |
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-Ruler was chosen by the Pope
-Covered most of Northern Europe in the German State
-lasted until 1806
-called the 1000 year empire |
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-an unfree farmer
-worked under the oversee of a knight
-was protected by the knight
-all descendents would be serfs |
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-Originally called Charles II
-King of France
-Was given the throne by his brother Carlomen who joined a monastery
-fought the Muslims and later the Saxons for over 18 years |
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-One of the 5 Dukes of Germany
-was the weakest of the 5 Dukes
-chosen to be emperor
-could not raise taxes or create an army |
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-Battle between the byzantine empire and Seljuk Turks
-Major defeat for the Byzantine Empire
-Allowed Turks to take over Anatolia |
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-a meeting in Strassburg
-included the 3 sons of Louis I
-an oath to stop fighting eachother
-only lasted about 6 months |
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-Duke of Saxony
-2nd Emperor of Germany
-Strongest of the German dukes
-great hunter, which is why he is called Henry the Fowler |
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-Duke Normandy
-Invaded England
-Became King of England
-Descendent of the viking Rollo |
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-made by the 3 sons of Louis I
-written in both German and French
-A promise to stop taking another brother's land
-was broken within a short period of time |
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-Duke of Saxony
-Son of Henry the Fowler
-became the strongest German emperor
-Defeated the Lombards |
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-Duchess of Aquitaine
-Married Kind Louis VII of France
-Helped him lead France into the 2nd Crusade
-After divorcing him, she married Henry of Anjou or Henry I of England |
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-originally from Scandinavia
-had large boats with dragons in the carvings
-stole and claimed whatever they wanted
-used the element of surprise to be successful in raids |
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-Was a Pope
-Asked by the King of France to protect Palestine from the Muslims
-Preached to Claremont, France to start a crusade
-Persuaded the people to "save the Holy Land" |
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-Created in France
-enforced in most European kingdoms
-became major governing style throughout Europe
-Ruled by a king, protected by the knights, and the domain worked by the serfs |
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-A king
-ruled the Byzantine empire
-wanted to protect Palestine from the Muslims
-Asked Pope Urban II for help |
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-A knight swears loyalty to a kind
-kneels at kings feet
-kisses kings foot
-swears military servitude for 30 to 40 days |
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-Battle for the French throne
-Started between Edward III of England and Philip IV of France
-had many periods of non-fighting
-Implemented Salic Law |
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-Women could not inherit property through their fathers
-Women could not claim land through a husband
-If husband dies the land goes back to the husbands family or oldest son |
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-A sea port in France
-Battle for territory between Edward III and Philip IV
-Major battle in the 100 years war
-The French retreated |
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-called "the Black Death"
-very serious disease
-There never was a cure
-Cut European population in half |
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-Battle between England and France
-major battle in the 100 years war
-Fought between Edward the dark prince of England and John II of France
-Started when the two leaders were showing off their new lands and crossed paths
-English victory with the capture of King John II |
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-a King
-A king of England
-Takes army to Normandy
-Fought Charles VI of France in Battle of Agincourt |
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-A major battle between England and France
-Happened during the 100 years war
-The French tried to take the roads but they were flooded and muddy
-England won the battle |
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