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| Who was the founder of Islam? |
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| Mecca (modern country of Saudi Arabia) |
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| When did Muhammad's "revelation" occur? |
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| What is the holy book of Islam? |
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| Nomadic clans-people who formed on the edges of civilization |
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| A sacred rock of Islam, place of worship where muslims would make pilgrimages to. Located in Mecca |
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| Why did Muhammad and followers flee Mecca? When? |
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Definition
| Fleed because leaders thought him and his followers were a threat to the Gods of the Ka'ba, therefore fled for his life in 622 c.e. |
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| Where did Muhammad and his followers flee to? |
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| Who ruled Medina in pre-Islamic times? |
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| Who ruled Medina in pre-Islamic times? |
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| The community of the faithful |
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| Name the five pillars of Islam. |
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Definition
1. Confession of Faith
2. Prayer 5 times daily
3. fasting during the month of Ramadan
4. Payment of tithe for charity
5. the hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Term
| Which branch of Islam supported the Umayyad claim to succession? |
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| Non- Arab converts to Islam |
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| What city became the political capital of the Abbasid Caliphate? |
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| Emperor of Egypt (syria) who reconquored the lands taken during the Crusades |
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| When, where, and how successful were the Christian crusades? |
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Definition
| 11th Century, in the middle eastern Holy Lands, successful but only temporarily |
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| When, where, and how successful were the Christian crusades? |
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Definition
| 11th Century, in the middle eastern Holy Lands, successful but only temporarily |
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Term
| Describe the cultural exchange that resulted from the Crusades. |
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Definition
| Exchange of important stuff (textiles, luxury cloth to Europe, while ancient and important texts went to Middle East) |
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| Who were the Sufis and why were they important? |
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| Muslim mystics that sought personal relationships with God |
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| When and why was Islam able to spread into Southeast Asia? |
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Definition
| Islam spread into Southeast Asia due to the Sufis, because they traveled greatly and brought Islam along the trade routes all the way to Southeast Asia. |
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Term
| What factors led to the expanion of Islam into sub-Saharan Africa? |
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Definition
| Spread through Merchants along the trade routes, Islam was appealing to Rulers because they could be religous and political leaders (reinforced power) and offered connection to outside word |
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Term
| What is a "stateless" society? |
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Definition
| Societies based around kinship and other types of obligation instead of the concentration of political power and authority as with most states. |
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| What kingdom developed in Sudan after the decline of Ghana? |
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| "The Lion Prince" successfully created a unified state that became the Mali Empire, died about 1260 |
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| (1464-1492) Great tactical commander and ruthless leader, expanded the borders |
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| How and Where did the Songhay Empire Expand? |
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| Under the leader Sunni Ali the borders were expanded until by the mid 16th century Songhay dominated the central Sudan |
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