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Definition
| God controls/talks to King & King controls/talks to his people |
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In English Monarchy-
was a general for the Puritans in the English Civil War
tore up constitution and ruled as a military dictator |
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| ruler has absolute power over subjects |
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| monarch with regulations set by a parliament and constitution |
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inherited Elizabeth I's reign
thought he has absolute authority to rule |
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after James I
signed Petition of Rights, which limited his power, but ignored it and was executed |
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| ruled during the Restoration of England |
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| flaunted Catholisism and was overthrown in Glorious Revolution |
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| bloodless overthrow of a king-James II |
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| body of representation, makes laws for England |
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| King Louis XIV of France's palace-had nobles waiting on him, making them dependent on him |
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Definition
*lived in Versailles
*cancelled Edict of Nantes-made artisans flee France
*went to war
*left France in financial ruin |
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Definition
| declaration of religious freedom for Huguenots |
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French Calvinists who were artisans
had to flee when King Louis XIV cancelled the Edict of Nantes |
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Definition
| earth is center of solar system |
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Definition
| sun is center of universe |
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Definition
| 1st to believe sun is center of universe |
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Definition
built really good telescope
founded law of pendulum |
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Definition
| put every scientists ideas together and made law of gravity |
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Definition
| studied heart and blood pumping |
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Definition
| proved human anatomy is not like that of pigs/animals |
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Definition
*everyone is born the same and shaped by experieriences
*everyone has rights to life, liberty, and ownership of property and if they dont have it, revolt |
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Definition
*freedom of speech, religion, and press
*believed in Enlightened Despotism- absolute monarch who uses power for good |
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Definition
*thought new technology has made man unhappy and we need to go back to simplier times
*thought children need to be raised w/o adult tensions and be allowed to decide their own lives |
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Definition
| believed people are bad by nature and need an absolute ruler to control them |
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Definition
| spoke out against torturing witnesses and suspects, irregular trial proceedings, and cruel and arbitrary punishment |
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| *Seperation of powers-legislative, judicial, and executive branches w/ checks and balances |
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Definition
| people questioned ideas that were "known facts" and used science to back it up |
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Term
| Medieval VS Englightenment |
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Definition
Old:
*relied on ancient greeks
*geocentric theory
*bible/god=source of knowledge
New:
*rely on reason
*Heliocentric theory
*knowledge comes from thinking, reasoning, and science |
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Definition
| french thinkers during Enlightenment |
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Definition
| Rousseau's book about how man was happiest at a simpler, easier time |
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Definition
new method during Enlightenment of looking at nature
*hypothesis
*experiment
*results
*draw conclusions |
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Definition
imaginary line between Spanish and Portuguese land in the americas.
to the west=spain
east=portugal |
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Definition
| treaty to honor new, more-west Line of Demarcation suggested by Portugal (they got Brazil.) |
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| priest goes to tribe and tries to convert them to catholisism but slave traders didnt like it because it gives slaves souls and then they cant sell/buy them |
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Term
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Definition
*cultural exchange of language, food, animals, and technology
*tensions between countries over "discoveries"
*tensions between missonaries and rulers
*colonial administrators representing own interests |
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Definition
| conquistador who conquered aztecs |
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Definition
| conquistador who conquered incas |
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Definition
| mix of Euro and native indian |
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Term
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Definition
| Euro go to Africa for slaves, slaves to America, sugar from slaves to Euro |
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Definition
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| both civilizations conquered by spain |
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Definition
| group of priests who went on missionaries |
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Term
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Definition
1st-clergy
2nd-rich nobles
3rd-three groups:
bourgeoisie
city workers
peasants |
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Term
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Definition
| representatives from all 3 estates in france |
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Term
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Definition
| system of feudalism from middle ages |
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Term
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Definition
prison that was a symbol of feudalism
torn down by people of france |
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Term
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Definition
| peasants tear down manor houses because they want change in France's taxing situation |
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Term
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Definition
| fled from France because of opposition to or fear of the revolution |
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Term
| wants of 3rd estate (each group) |
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Definition
bourgeoisie-want govt positions
city workers-better jobs, higher wage
peasants-land, less taxes, bread |
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Term
| Declaration of the Rights of Man |
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Definition
national assembly wrote...
*class distinctions are abolished
*all men equal
*sovereignity belongs to people/nation |
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Term
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Definition
| group that made public speeches to remove king and establish republic in france and wrote radical newspapers |
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Term
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Definition
| group of radical city workers who wanted greater voice in govt, lower food prices, and end to food shortages |
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Term
| committee of public safety |
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Definition
| group that decides who are enemies to france |
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Definition
*leader of france after Louis XVI, *reign of terror happens under him
*demanded increased freedom of press
*shared power w/ national assembly
*leader in revolution in france
*eventually was beheaded because the national assembly found out that even they werent safe (robespierre might behead them for not staying true to rev. ideas) |
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Term
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Definition
robespierre ordered many people to get beheaded...
peasants(didnt like beheading of king), priests(didnt like losing power), rival leaders (stirring up rebellion) |
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Term
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Definition
| representatives serve and people decide what happens in the govt |
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Term
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Definition
| established after robespierre is beheaded, oligarchy of 5 men |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
revolution, reform, status quo
radical, liberal, moderate, conservative, reactionary |
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Term
| components of a revolution |
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Definition
*personalization
*perception of the problem and solution
*revolutionary leadership
*weak govt
*great inequality |
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Term
| philosophes influence on rev. |
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Definition
| inspired french rev., especially Locke(revolting if you dont have rights) |
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Term
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Definition
1.more liberty-end to absolute monarchy
2.more equality
3.bourgeoisie improved system of administration
4.less political power of church
5.total warfare introduced
6.nationalism introduced |
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Term
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Definition
*philosophes inspire poor to revolt
*unfair treatment of people
*louis XVI was bad leader
*inequality and poverty between estates
*peasants pay most taxes
*marie antoinnette buys and gambles-wasting money |
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Term
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Definition
| liberty, equality, fraturnity |
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Term
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Definition
*overthrows govt
*organizes govt w/ code napoleon
*gets france into too many wars (russia) |
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Term
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Definition
*deals a lot w/ property and family
*women lose many rights
*allows a lot of freedom of religion and speech |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 7 reasons I.R. began in Great Britian |
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Definition
1.labor supply
2.natural resources
3.investment goods
4.entrepreneur
5.transportation
6.markets
7.govt support |
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Term
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Definition
| farmers began fencing off their land so they could tell whose was whose |
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Term
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Definition
Domestic:
*whole families worked together on farming or making wool
*no firing
*no stress
*didnt make as much goods
*slower
*goods cost more
Factory:
*more efficient
*many strangers work in factories
*faster, cheaper
*kids get beat, etc |
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Term
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Definition
jethro tull-seed drill
watt-steam engine
eli whitney-cotton gin |
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Term
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Definition
| moving into more factories |
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Term
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Definition
| wrote about injustices during I.R. |
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Term
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Definition
| wrote The Jungle-about meat industry |
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Term
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Definition
| wrote The Jungle-about meat industry |
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Term
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Definition
| protested for women's rights and founded Womens Social and Political Union |
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Term
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Definition
| woman who wanted prohibition |
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Term
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Definition
| worked for womens' suffrage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| traditional vs command vs market economies |
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Definition
traditional-all economic decisions based on past,slow to change
market-relies on supply and demand, what we have
command-ec. decisions are made by commanders |
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Term
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Definition
| capitalist who believed in market economy |
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Term
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Definition
| sepearation of business and state |
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Term
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Definition
1. entrepreneurs should be free to run their business the way that will bring the most profit
2. what is good for the entrepreneur is good for everyone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| group of workers that build rights |
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Term
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Definition
Capitalism:
*Self Interest
*Private Property
*Competition
*Individualism
Socialism:
*Public Ownership
*Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
*Controlled Economy
*Collectivism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
wrote communist manifesto
step 1)Socialism-classless society
Step 2)communism-no govt, people work for pleasure of working |
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Term
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Definition
*no govt
*people work for pleasure of working |
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Term
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Definition
| series of struggles between the exploited (have-nots) and the exploiters (haves) |
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Term
| dictatorship of the proletariat |
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Definition
| workers control govt and means of production |
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Term
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Definition
democracy:
people govern themselves either directly or through reps
dictatorship:
one person or small has absolute power |
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Term
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Definition
| policy of taking over other lands and people |
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Term
| reasons for empire building |
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Definition
1.power and prestige
2.population pressures (not enough space for pop.)
3.economic growth(gain markets)
4.religion (spread it)
5.security (buffer zones)
6.superiority
acronym:super security really populates power in econ |
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Term
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Definition
direct:
*foreign control of all levels of govt
*used assimilation and paternalism
indirect:
*used native officials to handle day-to-day tasks
*had legislative assemblies |
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Term
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Definition
| the ruling country will transform their colony into one similar to theirs |
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Term
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Definition
| policy used to govern lands (in a fatherly way) |
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Term
| countries not colonized (Africa) |
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Definition
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Term
| + and - of imperialism (Africa) |
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Definition
+:
*technology came
*new markets for europeans
*common language acted as uniting force
*africans went to european schools
*better med. (hospitals)
-:
*cultural identity is lost
*I.R. was going on in english, so natural resources and profit was taken from africa, so africa couldnt develop themselves
*europeans thought natives were ungrateful, lazy jerks
*paternalism happened
*social darwinism happened
*natives have to pay hut taxes |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme pride for country |
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Term
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Definition
| treating natives as inferior and as if their genes make them that way so europeans only "breed" with the best (not natives) so the natives die out |
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Term
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Definition
dutch settlers in africa march north from cape colony (bottom tip of africa) and they went NORTH!
yay north! |
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Term
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Definition
*war between GB and afrikaners in south africa
*afrikaners use gorilla warfare
*afrikaners lose |
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Term
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Definition
| separating whites from everyone else (blacks, asians, coloreds) |
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Term
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Definition
| south african passports that they always needed w/ them to say in their homelands (where they could/could not go) |
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Term
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Definition
*afrikaners hate english (love hitler because he hate english too)
*afrikaners go to jail for stuff they usually didnt do and are treated POORLY |
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Term
| white man's burden (africa) |
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Definition
| white men thought blacks were white man's burden |
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Term
| Mapungubwe, zimbabwe (ancient african civilizations) |
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Definition
| many white believe blacks were too primitive to have been in africa first even though these places have artifacts proving africans were there first |
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Term
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Definition
| swahili were middle men between arabs and other african lands |
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Term
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Definition
| ottoman empire killed armenians |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Khmer Rouge (cambodian communists) kill middle/educated classes |
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Term
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Definition
| bosnian serb troops kill bosnian muslims (ethnic cleansing) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| northern arab muslims kill black africans |
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Term
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Definition
*chancellor to wilhelm I
*practiced realpolitik
*blood and iron policy-conquers through war and industry |
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Term
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Definition
| foreign policy that uses any means necessary to acheive goals that are best for country |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| franco-prussian war (WWI) |
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Definition
*false telegram sent by bismarck to prussia so they would declare war
*france loses war
*france gives up borders of alsace-lorainne and pay germans a lotta mula ($ cha-ching)
*led to unification of germany |
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Term
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Definition
inbetween france and germany
both countries wanted it |
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Term
| effects of unified germany (WWI) |
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Definition
*wilhelm I is crowned kaiser
*germany becomes nationalistic
*best army
*huge population
*huge industrial base |
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Term
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Definition
Militarism-countries build up armies and weapons
Alliances-triple entente and triple alliance
Imperialism-disputes over colonies
Nationalism-countries' pride in jepordy |
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Term
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Definition
| [image]
tensions between many races here and everyone wanted the land |
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Term
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Definition
| germany, austria hungary, italy |
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Definition
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Definition
*austrian archduke who was assasinated by a serbian nationalist
*assasination started WWI |
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Term
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Definition
confident in germany's support, austria sent serbia a list of demands
*wanted no more anti-austrian activities
*wanted austrian officials to investigate the archduke's murder
*serbs agreed to all but investigation so austria attacked |
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Term
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Definition
| germany, A-H, bulgaria, ottoman empire |
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Term
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Definition
| russia, france, GB, italy, portugal, romania, serbia, greece, montenegro |
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Term
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Definition
| war that was in trenches and "no mans land" was inbetween trenches |
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Term
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Definition
deadlock in the war
*when germany was winning until fr. troops got ahold of germ. moves/plans |
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Term
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Definition
| when whole countries are involved in war (everything is about the war and everything goes to the war-resources, people, every kind of military) |
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Term
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Definition
*U.S. economically supported allies
*german U-boat sinks Lusitania (cruise ship) and killed a buncha americans so america was like, "THIS IS WAR!" and thats how they went into the war
*zimmerman telegram |
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Term
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Definition
*WWI
*british intercepted it
*germ. sent it to mexico saying mexico could have bits of the U.S. if they join the central powers |
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Term
| unrestricted submarine warfare |
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Definition
| german naval policy to sink any ship that may be allies |
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Term
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Definition
| one-sided information to support war |
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Term
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Definition
| the end of fighting in WWI |
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Term
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Definition
woodrow wilson's plan after WWI
*end to secret treaties
*freedom of seas
*free trade
*reduced national armies and navies
*adjust colonies to suit the colonies better |
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Term
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Definition
organization set up after WWI to keep peace among nations
*germany and russia excluded |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a country separating itself (especially in war times, staying neutral) |
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Term
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Definition
| freedom of people to decide under what form of goct they wish to live |
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Term
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Definition
*lenin signed
*pulled russia out of WWI |
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Term
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Definition
*takes over russian govt after lenin
*had 5 year plan as economic plan and collectivization was agricultural plan
*killed a lot of people in Ukraine genocide |
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Term
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Definition
*stalin's economic plan to increase industry and national defense
*people faced food and other goods shortages |
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Term
| stalin's collectivization |
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Definition
| stalin's agricultural plan to take away everyone's individual farms and make farms where many families and people worked together |
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Term
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Definition
| *russian wealthier peasants who resisted collectivization during russian rev. and stalin often killed them for it |
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Term
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Definition
*Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
*several countries were taken over by russia and became this
*capital in Moscow |
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Term
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Definition
*russian ruler after kerensky and the temporary gov't and before stalin
*made New Economic Plan and USSR
*ruled during civil war in russia
*pulled russia out of WWI
*is loved and honored by russia |
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Term
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Definition
*radical Marxist group in russia who did anything to achieve their goals
*lenin was leader
*were the Red Army in the russian civil war and won |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| *bolsheviks storm the winter palace and forced kerensky to flee, putting lenin in power |
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Term
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Definition
| leader of red army during russian civil war |
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Term
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Definition
New Economic Plan:
*russia had a lack of economic problems-lack of industry and trade- so lenin made this plan, a form of small-scale capitalism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*russian ruler who had total power of russia when it was weak
*russia had lost russo-japanese war
*tried to industrialize too fast
*unprepared going into WWI
*forced to abdicate throne because he was a weak leader
*ruled during russo-japanese war, bloody sunday massacre, WWI, and made duma |
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Term
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Definition
| war between russia and japan and russians lost-led to unrest/revolt in russia |
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Term
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Definition
RUSSIA
workers went to winter palace to merely talk to the czar nicholas II and were killed by his guards |
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Term
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Definition
| women led a citywide strike in russia because of shortage of fuel and food that led to nicholas II abdicating his throne |
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Term
| provisional gov't/kerensky |
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Definition
| temporary gov't with kerensky as leader that was set up to take the place of Czar Nicholas II after he abdicated the throne |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lenin's feelings toward stalin |
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Definition
| liked him at first for being a man of action but later didnt trust him |
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Term
| what russian soldiers did in response to failure in WWI |
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Definition
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Term
| stalin and bolsheviks feelings toward religion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| russian labor camp during stalin's reign |
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Term
| soviet propaganda portrayed stalin as a.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| killed educated classes, artisans, old bolsheviks |
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