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- Took over China by 1470's
- Leader: Ghingas Khan
- Fast & steady horses
- Helped spread BLACK DEATH
- War Tactics: Archery, catapults, scare tactics |
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- Big by the 1400's in Islamic World
- Southern edges of Sahara (where most money was made from trade
- Items Traded: Gold, Books, Ivory, Leather, Salt |
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- Started in Mongol territory (middle 1300's) then spread Asia to Europe
- Spread through trade
- Killed 1/3 of population |
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(1368-1644) Emperor Zhu Di
- Took over Mongols
- Ruled China for about 200 Yrs
- Sent Voyages out |
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- Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs/ conquered Mexico
- Helped befriend/kidnap Montezuma
- Helped attack Aztecs and take gold
( out of fear) |
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| Translator for Spaniards w/ Montezuma |
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| Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan & halfway down the coast of Africa |
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(Ming Dynasty Emperor)
- Practiced political diplomacy
- Violently over took throne from nephew
- Proves his power with Treasure Fleets |
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Muslim Voyager
- Translator whom accompanied Zheng He on three of the seven ocean voyages |
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Wanted to reach Indes early 1400's
-Figured travel West would get him there
- Brought over horrible diseases
- On major power trip & ignorant |
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Zingabemba (King of Kongo)
- Didn't want slave trade to continue
- Impeading ability to control Kongo (Kingdom) |
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Located in central Mexico
- Thriving by 1400
- Central State with elaborate religion
-Capital City= Tenochtitlan |
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Could not calculate in early 1800's
- made difficult to find new territory/sail new routes |
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Source of sailing on open oceans
- Only way to calculate sailing routes (limited routes) |
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Finely shredded pickled cabbage
- Important in the cooking of Central Europe
- Prevented Scurvy on cross ocean voyages |
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Followed Confucianism
- Passed down from generation to generation
- No gambling/fighting
- Work hard no matter what
- Exercise restraint
- Be respectful toward elders
- Constantly try to improve yourself
- Daughter keeps house clean |
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Between 1405 and 1433 the Chinese Empire sent 7 great fleets into the Indian Ocean as far as Africa.
(Malaca, Silan, Calicut, Hormus, Atin, Swahili Coast)
- for trade
- ended due to Zeng He's death
- China settled into isolation (Confucianism took over) |
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Self educated clock maker
-Invented the Marine Chronometer
- Won Longitudinal Prize |
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Judge on board of Longitude
- Helped invent Lunar Distance Proponent
- Favored his own invention so, sabotaged others clocks & fixed rules for it to win |
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Explored Pacific
- Figured out that sauerkraut prevented scurvy |
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| Portugese Navigator who completed the search for a sea route between Europe and India |
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(14th C- early 16th)
A Large city in the valley of Mexico
- Capital of the Aztec state |
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(mid 1400's)
Exchange of people, Ideas & things across the Atlantic
Exchanges: Africans, Europeans, Corn, Potatoes, Coffee, Cocoa, Diseases, Languages, Religions |
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The first people Columbus encountered when arrived to Hispaniola
- Most died with in a few years |
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Former South African province
- Bartolomeu discovered area in 1488, en route to India |
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Christian King
- Ally
- Helped fight Muslims |
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(1600's)
Economic system of the major trading nations
-Based on, that national wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and collecting precious metals in return |
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(Early 1500's)
Caribbean & South Africa begin growing to sell back to Europe
- Used to make rum
- First plantations (beginning of slaves) |
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Men who genitals were partially removed
- Trusted servants of emperor
- Against Confucians
- Supported Treasure Fleets (15th C) |
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Shaped China for alomst 1000 yrs
- Ancient Chinese philosopher
- Did not believe in trade
- Ideas always in back ground of China |
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Followed Chinese Philosophers teachings: Moral & Religious system
- respect
- against trade
-supported isolationism |
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(Early 16th C)
Large farms that managed crops
-Slaves managed the crops
- Sugar was the first |
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- Considered valuable by Europeans
- Founded in El Mina
- what Portuguese were looking for & reason for taking over Aztecs (once found out they had it) |
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Were Regular, predictable, seasonal
- Good for trade because they helped make trip easier & faster
- They helped time the trip
-April-Oct= South to Northeast |
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Origin: Arab/African
-Culture changed by monsoon winds
- Swahili Arabs married african women/took as concubine
Language: Bantu African w/ some Arab words
-Mombasa was most popular trade port
-Zanzibar was a major trading starting in 18th C |
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(from the 16th to 19th C)
No Local labor
- Europeans not Interested in working
-the business of trading in slaves
-transportation of Black Africans to America |
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(1400-1800)
Can be bought or sold
-Children automatic slaves
- Difficult to earn freedom
- law made: illegal to learn & teach how to read/write |
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Became slave if: War captive/debtor/outcast
-Once enslaved they became of free family (household)
- worked for family/work off debt
- not owned, children weren't automatically slaves
-easier to become free again |
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(Indonesia)
Three small islands off of Indonesia
- Three of the worlds most important spices grew there
1. Cloves
2. Nutmeg
3. Mace |
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Slave on slave ship
- was kidnapped as child & sent over to America's
-taught by owner how to read/write
-gained freedom
-writes his own biography
-joins abolition movement |
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(First half of 16th C)
Ruler of Kongo Kingdom
- Reigned over Kongo from 1509-1542
- didn't want slave trade to continue
- lost control of Kingdom |
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(late 16th C)
In slave business
- Captain of slave trip in 1692
-wanted younger slaves
- Brought doctor with him to make sure he wasn't getting sick slaves & to make sure they were young
- Believed the healthier, the more money would be made (production) |
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| Prince Henry "The Navigator" |
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Sponsored sailing & Ships
- Taught & encouraged sailing |
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| The journey taken by slave ships from West Africa to Europe |
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First important Europeans settlement (South Ghana)
- named because it was near gold mines
- Looking for West Africa found this in stead
- big for trading gold |
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| A British government body formed in 1714 to administer a scheme of prizes intended to encourage innovators to solve the problem of longitude at sea |
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(1884)
The Line of Longitude at which the longitude is efined to be 0 degrees
-divides the Earth into Eastern & Western Hemispheres |
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| Dutch United Easter Indies Company |
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Definition
(1602)
Trading company by the Dutch
- To protect their trade in the Indian Ocean & assist in their War if Independence from Spain
- Dissolved in 1799 |
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( begun 5th-6th C)
In China
-An inland waterway
- about 1000 mi long
- renovated to bring back into use |
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| One of the limiting factors of Marine Travel, often Killing large numbers of passengers and crew on long distance voyages |
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| Quilin (giraffe in real life) |
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Chinese name for Mythological creature
-Creature of myth and culture
- believed to show up only wen things are going well for country (good omen)
- Chinese legend
** Treasure Fleet brought back on 4th voyage |
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| Enabled merchants to band together to undertake ventures requiring more capital than was available to any one merchant or family |
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(1502)
9th Aztec Emperor
-known for pride and superstition
-was seized by the Spanish conquistadores, who used him to control and rule the empire |
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Run away slave cities
- Always object of police splitting them up |
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was Portuguese noble
-military commander
-navigator and explorer
-discovered Brazil |
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Martial arts disguised as dance
- used to attack police and offenders |
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1888
-Abolished Slavery in Brazil
- due to decline in money form trading of slaves/ trading of slaves had pretty much ceased |
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(18th C)
-major technical achievemen
-a time keeper used for celestial navigation (Harrison's Invention)
-used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation |
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(18th C)
Celestial Navigation
-the angle between the moon and another celestial body
- way to determine Longitude
- Maskelyn Invented it |
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In West African nation of Mali
- made prosperous by Mansa Musa (Mali Empire) |
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| British East India Company |
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(17th-19th century)
Royal Character granted by Queen Elizabeth I, with the intentions of favoring trade privileges in India
- Main Trade: Cotton, Indigo Dye, Salt Petre, Tea, Opium |
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(beginning 19th C)
Indian Leader
-Employed his ideas of peaceful civil disobedience in the Indian communities struggle for Civil Rights in South Africa |
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British food
- Plant native to South Pacific
- fed slaves in Jamaica |
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