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Yucatan Pen. Guatemala
Agriculture, religious movement, writing |
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Maize principle crop, also cotton
Hereditary elite
Hieroglyphic writing |
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City of 200,000
Major trade center
elite lived in splendor |
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controlled Mexico
fell to drought, poor rulers |
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militeristic, conquerors
great wealth and power
quasi feudal |
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W. South America
Quechua language
society of Nobles and Warrios |
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| migration for Sudan to Sub-Sahara |
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Controlled by Berbers
Stimulated trade (gold, slave, ect.)
*introduced Islam to into western Africa |
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Muslim, successful general, pilgrim to Mecca
Improved scholarship, knowledge in Mali |
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| Major Islamic intellectual center |
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Horizontal loom
Paper (from china)
Clocks
Gunpowder (china>arabia>mongol>europe) |
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| Translated scholarly texts to Latin |
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| Factors for European innovation |
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| Religious Ideals, need for labor (shortage from black death) |
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| established/gave Papal States to papacy |
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Extended Carolingian Kingdom to France, Germany, Italy
Appointed emperor of Rome |
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English Monk
initiated dating using AD |
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| Invaded British Isles, W. Europe |
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| Invaded N. Africa, Italy, S. France |
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Group of Cardinals
Elected Pope
Reorganized church administration |
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(1096-1204) 4 crusades
Response to Constantinople's appeal from help against Turks
Expansion trade, ^ in art, science
Motivated by religious zeal, greed |
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Served as hotel, hospital
place for noble children |
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| Created Royal Treasury (exchequer) |
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Created Common Law, Royal Courts
Ended trial by ordeal (religious trials) |
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Incompetent rule, war with France lead to financial difficulties
Led to Magna Carta |
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Definition
| Provisions extended to all freeman |
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Definition
Created common counsel to approved taxes
set rules for courts
prevented unlawful imprisonment
Gov't must pay for land taken
safeguarded inheritances |
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Warring states tied together by loose allegiance to emperors
tried to take Italy, war with papacy |
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Treaty between Hamburg and Lubeck
extended trade in N. Europe |
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China>W. Asia>Euopre
Major Pop. losses (some areas 50%) |
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England vs. France
dispute over Aquitaine & succession to French Crown
major economic disruption
Helped create English Parliment |
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Two people claiming papacy
resolved by Council of Constance |
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Genoa, Venice
gained quasi independence |
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Rebirth of learning
emphasis on individualism
interest in recovering old art and learning |
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Definition
| Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo |
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Wrote The Prince
brought political unification of Italy |
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Definition
Created movable type
translated bible to German |
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Extended French Kingdom
Improved law and order, silk industry |
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Battle for succession to English throne after Edward III
Henry VII gained crown |
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| Est. royal council, devolped merchant marine, created Court of the Star Chamber |
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| Marriage of Ferdinand & Elizabeth |
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| United Spain, revived inquisition |
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| Published edition of Greek new testament |
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Definition
Theology professor at U. of Wittenberg
advanced Augustinian theology
started reformation w/ 95 theses |
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Second major reformer
devolved reformed church in Geneva
his theology source of Presbyterian traditions |
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| hard work, austere moral life, good works required of faithful |
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Est. by Henry VIII
crowned as head of Church of England |
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| Conservative Protestant, no formal theology |
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| Roman Catholic counter Reformation |
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Council of Trent
passed decrees subject to papal approval
decrees include bishops must live in city |
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