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| Black stone in Mecca given to Abraham by God. |
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| Mohammed's flight to Medina. |
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| Pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are to take once in their life. |
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| Most sacred text in Islam revealed to Mohammed by God. |
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| Basic ideas of Islam. 1 God. prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca. Ramadan. Giving to charity. Hajj. Must make if at all possible. |
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| Month during which Arabs came to worship kaba. Now month of fasting. |
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| Deputy of God's messenger. Muslim leader. |
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| 661-750 ruling dynasty in Damascus which favored the Arabs. |
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| Opposed caliphs and believed a Muslim free of sin could lead. |
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| Majority of Muslims who favored the ruling caliph. |
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| Only blood descendants of Mohammed should rule. |
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| Capital of Umayyad dynasty. |
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| People of the book. People who believe in revealed religion. People who believe in revealed religion such as Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians should not be persecuted. |
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| Muslim religious scholars. |
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| Example set by Mohammed for Muslims to follow. |
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| Islamic judges learned in Islamic theology and law. |
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| An official of Muslim government, especially a high Turkish official equivalent to Prime Minister. |
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| A popular form of Islam that emphasizes emotional union with God and mystical powers. |
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| Muslim Sufi brotherhoods, usually all-male. |
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| Also known as The 1001 Nights. Medieval collection of tales of the Islamic Middle East that greatly reflect life at the time of the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad. |
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| The segregation of females in Muslim society. |
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| Militant turks who took over Jerusalem leading to the Crusades. |
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| Rights determined by father's lineage. |
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| Rights determined by mother’s lineage. |
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| A form of ritual kingship where the king plays a crucial role in its people's spiritual and material well-being. |
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| Main city of a kingdom established when the locals and immigrants from SW Arabia arrived and intermarried in the last centuries BCE. |
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| Route connecting W Sudan and NW Africa. |
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| Lasted for 500 years before falling apart in the 1100s. Established trade in gold. |
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| Emerged under semi-mythical king Sundiata who was able to subdue W Sudan around 1250. |
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| City settled in the 9th or 10th century in produce, fish, iron goods. Women dominated. |
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| 1300-1700. Most powerful Yuruba city-state. |
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| King who led the Bini in a war of expansion against the Yuruba. |
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| Hybrid language based on Bantu and Arabic used in E Africa. |
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| E African marketplace which dominated coastal trade when gold from Mozambique came into the area. |
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| Country in S Africa. Inland area which became chief center of early settled life in S Africa. |
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| Highly stylized busts in gold, bronze and other metals and ebony. |
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