Term
| Ming Dynasty in China (major events) |
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Definition
-Mongols expelled by Ming Dynasty
--local Chinese "freedom fighters"
--inspired by Maitreya Buddhism
---religious groups: "Red Turbans"
-Chinese capital moved from Nanjing to Beijing
--Forbidden City
---home for emperor/assistants
-Great Wall expanded
--used to repel Mongols
-Western Contact
--Portuguese, followed by Dutch
---introduce New World crops/goods
-China protects Korea (colony) from Japan |
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Term
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Definition
-Zhou Dynasty begins part
-Ming Dynasty expands it
--over 30 feet tall and 20 feet thick
---result of Mongols' constant invasions |
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Term
| First Major European contact and trade with China |
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Definition
-Portuguese (colony at Macau)
-Dutch (Taiwan, Japan)
--introduce New World crops/goods
-China imports silver from Western World
--trade with silks/goods
-Britain
--desires Chinese porcelain, vases, and silk
--exotic Chinese tea |
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Term
| Qing Dynasty in China (major events, contact with Britain, tea trade) |
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Definition
-Britain
--desires Chinese porcelain, vases, and silk
--exotic Chinese tea
-King George III sends Lord G. McCartney
--returns with stories of Chinese culture |
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Term
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Definition
-native Japanese religion
--Japan/people= center of the universe
-Shinto means "Way of the gods"
--Japan created by Sun Goddess, Amaterasu
---"Land of the Rising Sun"
--many lesser gods and spirits
---spirits called 'kami'
-ancestor veneration |
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Term
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Definition
-shoguns
--various military dictators
---have loyal knights-- samurai
---special warrior codes= "Bushido"
----fight to death
----dishonor= suicide
---samurai receive land
----similar to European feudalism |
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Term
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Definition
-knights loyal to shoguns
-special warrior codes= "Bushido"
--fight to death
--dishonor= suicide
---honorable in Japanese culture
-receive land
--similar to feudalism |
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Term
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Definition
-daimyo (local warlords) who emerges as shogun
-capital moves to Edo (modern Tokyo) |
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Term
| First Christian Missionaries in Japan |
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Definition
-Catholic Jesuits under Francis Xavier
-viewed as threat to Japanese culture and pride
--shoguns crucify missionaries, priests, and Japanese Christians |
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Term
| 7 Years War in the American Colonies (who, William Pitt, results) |
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Definition
-known as "French and Indian Wars" by American colonies
--colonists= proud English people
---rivalry with local French colonists
--Catholic France vs. Protestant colonists/England
-1740: Fort Louisburg
--supposedly an impregnable fortress
--New England "militia" combine with English navy to capture the fort
-Prime Minister William Pitt
--expertly manages war
--spends huge money to defeat France
---leads to huge debts (causes trouble later)
-1763: Peace of Paris
--France ousted from N.A.
---strong French heritage in Quebec remains |
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Term
| King George III (personality, views) |
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Definition
-activist monarch
--bumbling and clumsy
---aggressive but not bright
--imposed many tyrannous policies on colonists
---results in resentment
-tires to aggressively install Anglican bishops |
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Term
| The Enlightenment and the American Revolution |
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Definition
-John Locke= "inalienable rights"
--'life, liberty, and property'
---contract theory of government |
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Term
| First Great Awakening and the American Revolution |
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Definition
-Johnathon Edwards, George Whitefield, John Wesley
--many colonists prefer evangelical religion
---as opposed to stuffy Anglican religion |
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Term
| French involvement in the American Revolution |
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Definition
| -US receives decisive help from French navy and the army of Marquis de Lafayette under George Washington |
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Term
| Ancien Regime ("Old Order") in France |
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Definition
-medieval categories (3 Estates)
--1st: Nobility
--2nd: Clergy (Roman Catholic)
--3rd: Peasants/Bourgeoisie (new middle class)
-heavy taxes burden the 3rd Estate
-economy failing
--debt from helping USA
--harvest leads to inflation
--rumors of King sending troops to kill peasants |
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Term
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Definition
-hated royal prison
--stormed by mobs
---search for weapons |
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Term
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Definition
-promotes deistic "Cult of the Supreme Being"
--Notre Dame briefly becomes "Cult of Reason"
-'Reign of Terror'
--controlled economy (food), military, and executions
--paranoid of betrayal
---turns on other revolutionaries
----later was captured/guillotined |
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Term
| Relationship between religion and the French Revolution |
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Definition
-Christianity was for the wealthy/elites
-Atheism for "the People"
--later, too shocking for French people
---yet, religion receives 'black eye' |
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Term
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Definition
-blue collar "Jacques"
-rising extremist radicals
--early pre-Communist ideas
--ideas of installing a totally secular France
---violent seizing of wealth for poor |
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Term
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Definition
-under the leadership of M. Robespierre
--Jacobin ideology
-control of economy (food), military, and executions |
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Term
| Napoleon's rise to power (why?) |
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Definition
-seizes power via coup
-movement for "liberty, fraternity, equality"
--ironically, becomes another dictator |
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Term
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Definition
-Prime Minister of England until 1806
-stabilizes English budget after failure of American Revolution
--raised taxes, but cut government spending
--promoted laissez-faire trade policies
-crushes French who attempted to aid Ireland
-commissions spies to flush out radicals |
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Term
| Factors/key battles leading to Napoloen's defeat |
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Definition
-Battle of Trafalgar
--Lord Nelson destroys French Navy
-Battle of Leipzig
--Napoleon defeated by co-English/Prussian force
-Waterloo (Belgium)
--beaten by Duke of Wellington
--Napoleon exiled until death on remote British island: St. Helena |
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Term
| English attitudes toward French Revolution (positive and negative) |
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Definition
-reinforces anti-French attitudes
-creates strongly conservative political/cultural reaction
--Anti-Revolutionary |
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Term
| Industrial Revolution in England (factors leading to) |
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Definition
-abundant raw materials and rising population
-growing demand for manufactures goods
-relatively laissez-faire economic attitude from government
--as opposed to mercantilism
-Scientific/Enlightenment spirit
--rational methods, rational to make products |
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Term
| Impacts of the Industrial Revolution (positive and negative) |
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Definition
PROS
-wages from factory work are better
-higher literacy over time
-crowding eventually forces cities to regulate and fix streets/sewage
-empowers a 'working class' politically
CONS
-poor rural peasants lose land
-small villages suffer
-abuse/exploitation
-growing pollution problem
-crime resulting from urban crowding
-secularization |
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Term
| Crystal Palace Exhibition in London |
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Definition
-grand display
--'shows off' British industrial superiority |
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Term
| Rise of Methodism/revival theology in England |
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Definition
-Revival theology emerges in Anglican circles
-John Wesley
--originally Oxford Anglican
--desires zealous "methods" of devotion
--promotes 'heart religion' |
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Term
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Definition
-strong social ministry to the poor
-many poor factory workers/poor rural villages embrace Methodism |
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Term
| Anglicanism and the Industrial Revolution (evangelicalism, Sunday School) |
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Definition
-Evangelical party
--still ritual
---Reformation doctrine with 'heart' and moral emphasis
-Sunday School
--used to develop literacy and biblical training for industrial poor |
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