Term
| 2nd Triumvirate disintegrated into a power struggle between... |
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Definition
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| Augustus was praised as "Father of the Fatherland" in part because... |
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Definition
| he used his personal wealth to increase his power and popularity |
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| Marcus Aurelius, an emperor highly educated in law, embraced the customs of _____ at a very young age. |
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| Like Alexander, Augustus increased the strength of his army by... |
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Definition
| recruiting nonciticens into the army |
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| If a woman bore three children, Roman law exempted the woman from... |
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Definition
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| Roman physicians believed that sexual intercourse... |
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Definition
| weakened men but did not have the same impact on women |
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Term
| Local amphitheaters in major Roman cities provided a venue for... |
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Definition
| expressions of Roman power, virtue, and generosity |
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Term
| Septimus's reforms may have kept some of Rome's problems at bay, but the legacy of ______ threatened Rome's stability. |
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Definition
| An expensive and powerful army |
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Term
| Diocletian organized the government into a tetrarchy, which divided the empire into... |
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Definition
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Term
| The most important factor in the so-called "fall of Rome" was... |
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Definition
| Invasions of people from the north |
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Term
| New philosophies like Neoplatonism typically attracted_____ people, as had the similar philosophies of the Hellenistic kingdoms. |
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Definition
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| Septimius and his wife portrayed themselves as |
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Definition
| Isis and her consort Serapis |
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| Herod rose to power in Hebron, and with the support of __________ the Roman senate made him king of Judea. |
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Definition
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Term
| For the Zealots, _____ was a crucial event that shaped their approach toward the problem of maintaining a Jewish identity. |
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| Like many others in the Roman world, the apostles believed that _____ indicated divine presence. |
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Term
| In the earliest period of the spread of Christianity, converts usually met in |
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Definition
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Term
| In the 3rd century, emperors trying to quell a crisis tried to force all subjects of the empire, with the exception of the Jews, to... |
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Definition
| worship the imperial cult. |
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Term
| Once the empire embraced Christianity, _____ became the backbone of imperial governance and increasingly handled secular affairs. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Donatist heresy was a split among Christians over... |
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Definition
| whether the behavior of a priest effected the validity of the sacraments. |
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Term
| In Confessions, Augustine argued that... |
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Definition
| original sin was passed on to new generations trhough semen. |
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| Christians fled to the desert to escape... |
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Definition
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Term
| Augustus devised a system of government led by a single ruler, the emperor. However, he did not resolve the mechanism by which emperors would succeed one another. As a consequence, his death in 14 C.E. was followed by... |
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Definition
| rule by a series of emperors related to Augustus's family. |
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Definition
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Term
| Everyday life in the Roman territories was transformed as Christianity gained more and more adherents. What are accurate descriptions of this event? |
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Definition
Gladiator shows became unpopular
Exposure of infants became less acceptable
Celibacy became honorable |
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Term
| Justice among the early Germanic peoples depended upon |
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Definition
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Term
| Theodore of Tarsus, sent by Pope Vitalian in 669 to Canterbury, |
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Definition
| encouraged learning by founding schools and Benedictine monasteries. |
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Term
| The Venerable Bede's scientific text, The Nature of Things, discussed |
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Definition
| the orbits of the earth, heavens, and stars, and the roundness of the earth. |
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Term
| The earls of Anglo-Saxon England were responsible for |
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Definition
| recruiting and leading armies, and acting as judges |
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Term
| The northern lands ruled by Guthrum in the ninth century came to be known as |
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Definition
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Term
| To enhance his authority, Charlemagne required |
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Definition
| his nobles to attend two assemblies a year. |
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Term
| Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor after Charlemagne |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
The peace negotiated by Charlemagne |
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Definition
| increased trade and prosperity. |
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Term
| The text reform of the scholars at Charlemagne's court addressed |
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Definition
| problems of errors and non-standardized handwriting |
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Term
| The Cluniac charter refined the Benedictine rule and made the monastic order subject to |
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Definition
| the authority of the pope. |
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Term
[image]
Louis the Pious's sons contributed to the disintegration of Charlemagne's empire by |
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Definition
| fighting amongst themselves. |
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Term
| Northmen usually migrated for which of the following reasons? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Vikings abandoned their settlements in North America because |
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Definition
| their relations with natives turned violent. |
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Term
| In the eleventh century, Scandinavians |
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Definition
| converted to Christianity. |
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Term
| In addition to the produce of their fields, peasants relied upon ________ for additional food. |
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Definition
| farm animals and the resources of the forest |
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Term
| In exchange for the labor of peasants, lords provided |
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Definition
| capital investments, justice, and protection |
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Term
| Lords encouraged marriage and the growth of serf families because |
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Definition
| they needed to replenish their labor force. |
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Term
| In addition to land, lords often owed their vassals |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
In what ways did noblewomen exert some autonomy in their lives under the feudalistic system? |
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Definition
| Women managed manors and financial affairs while their husbands were away |
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Term
| Women played a crucial role in medieval medicine by |
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Definition
| treating illnesses with food and herbs. |
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Term
[image]
Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the government of Anglo-Saxon England during the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
| Kings prohibited local communities from establishing their own administrations. |
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Term
[image]
Under Charlemagne's patronage, knowledge was divided into seven categories. Four of these categories constituted the "quadrivium" or advanced curriculum. Which of the following categories was NOT part of the quadrivium? |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
As the population increased, many peasants |
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Definition
|
cultivated new land, often in the east |
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Term
| The guilds of medieval towns served to |
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Definition
| protect and control trade interests. |
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Term
| protect and control trade interests. |
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Definition
| organize the cities of the northern trade into a monopoly. |
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Term
| ________ was typical of the new Gothic architecture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Students seeking an advanced degree in law went to ________ to study. |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Anselm applied the dialectic to show that |
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Definition
| God was perfect and therefore must exist. |
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Term
| Hildegard's Of Causes and Cures included information about |
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Definition
| classical and popular approaches to health and medicine. |
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Term
| Private chambers in nobles' castles were used |
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Definition
| for sleeping and the storage of valuables. |
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Term
[image]
Aside from satisfying a social need, jousts served to |
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Definition
| provide young men with ways of winning horses and armor. |
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Term
| William, as part of his plan to control his new Anglo-Saxon kingdom, |
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Definition
| replaced the Witan with an assembly of his own vassals. |
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Term
| Henry II increased his holdings in France by |
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Definition
| marrying a French heiress. |
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Term
[image]
As Christians slowly retook the Iberian Peninsula, |
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Definition
| kings granted Muslims and Jews privileges. |
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Term
| The one means for consolidation NOT often used by French kings was |
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Definition
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Term
| King Philip IV tried to collect money from ________ to fund wars. |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Frederick II's rule ended the chances for a unified Germany because |
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Definition
| upon his death, German princes elected a weak prince as emperor. |
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Term
| Which of the following figures was crucial in the resolution of the investiture controversy? |
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Definition
| Matilda, Countess of Tuscany |
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Term
| Which of the following issues was NOT pronounced upon by the Fourth Lateran Council? |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
The strengths of the Turks and ________ were two major motives for the Crusades. |
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Definition
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Term
| Both the Franciscans and the Dominicans |
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Definition
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Term
| The church dealt with Catharism by |
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Definition
| massacring heretics and orthodox believers alike. |
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Term
[image]
Many medieval thinkers believed that pure reason, without reference to the external world of physical things, was the best means to understanding the true nature of reality. However, some medieval philosophers emphasized empiricism and experimentation which, today, serve as the basis for the natural sciences. One scholar who popularized the "scientific method" was |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
During the eleventh century, England went through several formative transformations, including all EXCEPT which of the following? |
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Definition
| Scandinavian/Danish rule in England expanded. |
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Term
[image]
Germanic women participated in many activities, including agriculture, but their primary responsibilities were |
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Definition
[image]
Germanic women participated in many activities, including agriculture, but their primary responsibilities were |
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Term
| Germanic peoples' diet consisted mainly of |
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Definition
| plants, including grains, mead, ale, and milk. |
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Term
| Ulfila, who helped convert the Visigoths and Ostrogoths, had been influenced by the teachings of |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
As Germanic pagans and Arians converted to orthodox Christianity, they |
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Definition
| they began to speak the Romance languages. |
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Term
| Gregory the Great extended his power by |
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Definition
| acting as a territorial ruler in addition to acting as head of the church. |
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Term
[image]
The establishment of monasteries in Ireland aided the process of conversion because |
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Definition
| Ireland lacked the ecclesiastical structures of the rest of the West. |
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Term
[image]
The Merovingian family often used ________ as a means of consolidating their rule. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cassiodorus wrote a historical chronicle, the Origin of the Goths, to show that |
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Definition
| the Goths had a history comparable to that of the Romans. |
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Term
| The Lombards ruled for a time in northern Italy until |
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Definition
| the Franks conquered them. |
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Term
| The purpose of the Corpus Iuris Civilis was to |
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Definition
| organize and clarify Roman law. |
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Term
[image]
The people of Constantinople gathered in the ________ to see the chariot races. |
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Definition
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Term
| Village families in the Byzantine Empire owed |
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Definition
| one equipped man for military service. |
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Term
| The Byzantines used eastern customs such as ________ as they moved away from the western traditions. |
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Definition
| eunuchs and making people prostrate themselves before the emperor |
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Term
| Part of the motive in prohibiting the worship of icons was |
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Definition
| to challenge the power of icon-producing monasteries. |
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Term
| The ________ brought Christianity to the Slavic peoples. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mecca was an important city for which of the following reasons? |
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Definition
| It was both a trading center and a site of worship. |
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Term
| In 732, the Muslim forces were defeated by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Muslims tolerated Jews and Christians because |
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Definition
| they all shared the same scriptures and god. |
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Term
[image]
The Umayyad caliphate, located in Damascus, emphasized |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Muslim mathematicians used Arabic numerals to |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
During the fifth century, the British Isles were transformed by |
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Definition
| the settlement of Wales and Ireland by Celtic Britons |
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Term
[image]
According to the "Petrine doctrine," |
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Definition
| the bishops of Rome were chosen by Christ to lead the Christian world. |
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Term
[image]
While the western Roman Empire suffered invasions, economic dislocation, and social fragmentation, the eastern Roman Empire, now called the Byzantine Empire, continued to flourish. Which one of the following statements about the Byzantine Empire is NOT true? |
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Definition
A) Its capital was Constantinople.
B) Byzantine rule was highly structured.
C) The Byzantine Empire preserved Latin in the East.
D) The Byzantine Empire expanded its territories in military conquests.
(IT IS "C") |
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Term
[image]
Which one of the following statements accurately describes Kievan Rus? |
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Definition
| Kievan Rus adopted a written language created by two Byzantine missionaries. |
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