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Ruler of the Jews. He built a new port city and began to rebuild the Temple of Solomon. Under him, the Jews enjoyed peace and prosperity. After his death, the Jewish kingdom was divided among his sons. |
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| Known as the lay people. Believed in strick adherence to the Torah. Stressed prayer, fasting, and ritual purity. Believed in a Savior that would come and lead them agains the unbelievers (Romans.) |
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| They were conservative and rich. Wanted peaceful co-existence with the Romans. Did not have popular support from the Jews. |
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| Started a revolution against Roman government to form a free nation based on Judaism. Very committed to Torah. They were very radical. |
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| A Jewish convert to Christianity. Carried Christianity to non Jews. Stated Jesus died on a cross and rose again for salvation from sin. The only active member of the early Church to leave a written legacy, the book of Acts. Executed in Rome. |
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| King of the Franks. Merovingian Dynasty. Converted to Christianity and spread it to the Franks. |
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| He was the Pope. Invited Charlemagne to Rome and made him emperor. He did this to try to gain power but Charlemagne thought he deserved the power. |
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| He was a monk that reformed monasticism. He established the Benedictine Rule. It was based on poverty, chastity, and obedience. |
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| Believed Allah spoke to him through Gabriel. Took these revelations and made the Quran. His faith was rejected in Mecca so he fled to Medina. This is know as the hegira. This journey is the foundation for the Islamic faith. |
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The foundation of the Islamic Faith. 1. Profession of faith: no god but Allah and Muhammad is the only prophet 2.Prayers: all Muslims must pray five times and face Mecca. 3. Almsgiving: charitable giving 4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. The Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca |
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| One of the four caliphs. After Uthman. Believed to have killed Uthman. Son in law of Muhammad. His supporters were the Shiites. |
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| Became the caliph after Ali. He was a general from the Umayyad family. Moved the Muslim capital from Medina to Damascus. |
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| Ruled the Yang Dynasty with the help of his wife Tu-Ku. Killed by his son. Proclaimed himself emperor and established the Su Dynasty. |
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| Son of Tai-tsung. Remember best for his fascination with Lady Wu, his father's concubine. |
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| "The Brilliant Emperor" Fell in love with his son's concubine, Lady Yang. Neglected his business and China suffered. He gave up the throne and was forced to kill Lady Yang. Tang Dynasty never fully recovered. |
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| All land belonged to the Chinese Emperor. Every able bodied man got 10 acres of land based on his abilities. The taxes were based on the amount of land. It was a complex and fair system. |
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Had a relationship with Kao-tsung. She was made empress. When Kao-tsung died, she killed her sons so she could remain empress. |
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| Born with Buddha in his hand. Made Buddhism the religion and Confucianism the offical government. Was responsible for many changes in Japanese government. |
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| Put into place by Shotoku. Made Japan a centralized monarchy. It adhered to Confucianism except it stated that Buddhism was the religion. |
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| It transferred Japan into a miniature China. Several things such as the tax and land ownership followed China. It led to a decline in the status of women. |
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| Barbarian Quelling Generalissimo was the title he wanted after winning a major war. His title was shortened to Shogun. He established the Shogunate at Kamakura. |
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Capital of the Kushite Kingdom. Good land. strong deposits of wood and iron. |
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| An extension of the Egyptian Empire. Thrown out of Egypt and moved capital to Meroe. Made money off of iron. Used hieroglyphics. |
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| Kushite Rival. Capital of Ethiopia. Major trading center. Conquered the Kushites and converted to Christianity. Christian kingdom in Ehtiopia. |
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| God of the Yoruba. Sprinkled sand on the water and released a chicken that scratched it. This was the first land. |
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| Moldboard Plow v. Scartch Plow |
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| Important in Europe. Scartch plow required to plow once long ways and once side ways. Soil was not deeply penetrated so you had to start off with good soil. Moldboard only required you plow once. It cut deep. Allowed for water drainage. |
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| Divided the land into three separate fields. First field had wheat and rye. Second had oats and barley. The third was fallow. It produced a better yield at the end of the season. |
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| Peasants lived on manor. It was a community of peasants under one lord. The manor was split into two parts. The demesne was the land for the lords. Common lands were the peasant lands. |
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| Capitation, taille, heriot |
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| head tax. tax of serf property. inheritance tax. |
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| Massive killing of people due to the plague. It killed one third of Europian population. People died because of buboes or black swellings or pneumonia. |
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| Boccaccio's written account of the plague in Florence. Seven ladies and three men that fled to the country to escape the plague. |
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Located in the Andes in Peru. grew maize and vegetables. good metal workers. declined because of warfare. |
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| Largest Olmec city state. Huge religious complex. guarded by stone heads. |
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| the Mother Culture (Olmec) |
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| complex societies in the andes. they were traders, farmers, fishermen. they traded obsidian. lived in city states. gods were 1/2 human and 1/2 animal. ball game was a crucial part of culture. created a calendar, writing system, and torillas. carved huge stones. |
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| In the 8th century they collapsed. warfare probably caused it but we are not sure. trade declind. they people revolted. fire broke out. |
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| mayan book that tells the significance of the ball game and hero twins. they played against the gods of the underworld, won and came back to life. their descent was reinacted through the rise and fall of the sun. |
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| city in central mexico. it became dominant because of its water supply and underground springs. had two great pyramids: sun and moon. one of the largest cities in the world. "great goddess" ensured water supply. sacrificed prisoners to her. collapsed in 800. |
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| Aztec. He conquered alot in the 1400s right before the Spanish appeared. |
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| Sped up Incan expansion. He was a leader. The Inca. |
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| Africa. Made Pilgrimage to Mecca. Spent too much gold and depressed the economy. Brought Islamic scholars from Meccato Mali and helped expand Islamic knowledge in Mecca. |
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| Founded Song Hai. Created the navy to control the river. |
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| Africa. Congo society. Converted to Christianity. Learned to read and write Portuguese. Considered himself the equal of the Portugeuse king. |
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| Established by Edward III. Stated that employers could not pay high wage and employees could not accept high wage. Had to work the way you did before the Plague. |
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| 14 year old king of England. Met with the peasants of Wat Tyler Rebellion. Granted their first requests, denied second. Then never followed through with the first requests. |
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| Best example of urban rebellion. Took place in Florence. Wool carders revolted. Laid off, wanted better working conditions and to enter into a guild. Did not get their wishes. Put down by wealthy families. |
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| King of France after Charles IV died. King of England thought he deserved the crown. They fought over this and it led to the 100 years war between france and england. |
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| french peasant girl. heard voices of saint michael, catherine, and margaret telling her to rescue the french from England. led french to defeat england at battle of orleans. on trial, accused of being a witch. executed and became a martyr and national hero in france. |
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| art historian. write The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Renaissance started in 14th and 15th century. Witnessed the birth of modern state. occured in Italy because they still felt influence of ancient Rome. |
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| "Father of Humanism" known for poetry. wrote about laura. this showed transition from religious world to the current world. |
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| wrote the Elegance of the Latin Language. Spoke of textual criticism. proved the Donation of Constantine was fake. |
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| document the pope had. stated that constantine gave the pope dominion of Rome and western europe. proved to be a fake by lorenzo valla. |
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