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-French king during French Revolution
-Called meeting of Estates General (began rev) |
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-Austrian wife of Louis XVI
-lavish spending habits
-executed 9 months after her husband |
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-radical of French Revolution
-leader of "mountain"
-led Reign of Terror |
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-"enemies of the state" were tried and executed by guillotine
-40,000 died |
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Definition
-born in Corsica, which was later sold to France
-rose to power during the wars of the French Revolution
-proclaimed himself emperor at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris
-downfall: failed invasion of Russia
-sent to Elba and escaped
-final defeat- waterloo
-sent to St. Helena (off coast of Africa) and died |
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-rep of Austria at Congress of Vienna
-symbol of the conservative and reactionary spirit |
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-old fortress in paris that was converted to a prison
-Paris mobs attacked, killing 100 guards and stole weapons and gunpowder |
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-former 3rd estate
-real voice of france |
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Term
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Definition
-king but powers are limited and defined by a constitution
-usually shares power with legislative body |
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-"left"
-wanted to make France a republic with every trace of the old system uprooted
-in favor of change |
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| men of the plain/girondistes |
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Definition
-"right"
-more conservative and interested in preserving traditional ideas |
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| committee of public safety |
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Definition
| -"mountain men" formed this committee to steer France through chaos |
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-a way to execute everyone in the same fashion and as painlessly and swiftly as possible
-named after Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotine |
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Definition
-form of French government which Napoleon overthrew when he staged his coup d etat
-after reign of terror |
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Term
| French Revolutionary Wars/Napoleonic Wars |
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Definition
-France was almost continuously at war with the major powers of Europe
-Napoleon rose to fame in this first group of wars (drove out British at Toulon)
-Battle of Austerlitz- defeated Russians and Austrians and at the battle of Jena the Prussians
-declaration of war and the invasion of Russia ended Napoleon |
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Definition
| -new class of factory workers |
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Definition
| -British acts that made trade unions illegal |
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Definition
-German Romantic painter
-human helplessness against the forces of nature
-often, figure in painting's back is turned |
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Definition
-Romantic composer from Germany
-completely deaf last 10 years of life, wrote masterpieces |
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Definition
-early French socialist
-sought greater social and economic unity by abolition of private property
-favored total emancipation of women, abolition of marriage, and complete sexual freedom |
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Definition
-shift from hand tools to power machinery
-began in Great Britain (peace, good central bank and credit institutions, rivers and canals) |
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Definition
| -small farmers cultivated large fields in common |
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Definition
-private ownership and management
-richer farmers evicted smaller ones
-small farmers migrated to cities to do factory work |
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Definition
-one crop used to feed livestock
-fatter cattle
-Turnip Townshend
-Netherlands |
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Definition
-German thinker
-named bourgeoisie and proletariat
-wanted no social classes
-all citizens should share profits
-communist |
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Term
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Definition
| -small percentage of factory owners |
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Term
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Definition
| -large percentage of factory workers |
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Definition
-nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte
-proclaimed himself emperor
-failed invasion of Mexico |
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Definition
-architect of German unification
-Prime minister of Prussia |
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Definition
-free trade within the Confederation
-Bizmark wanted to unite all German peoples (except Austria) under Prussia |
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-architect of Italian unification
-professional rebel that led revolutions around the world
-army= red shirts |
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| -2 big problemts for Napoleon |
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| -not a part of Italy during unification |
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-"storm and stress"
-romantic movement among German artists |
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-response to the rationality of the Enlightenment
-feeling, emotion, interest |
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| Fredrich Gottlieb Klopstock |
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| -collected 200 fairy tales in Germany |
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| -type of horror story filled with violence and supernatural effects |
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-keyboard instrument
-vibrates metal strings |
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| -diverse gradations of sound |
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| -importance of individual rights of liberty |
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| -peace conference at the end of the Napoleonic Wars |
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| -coalition of German states with Austria as senior partner and Prussia as junior partner |
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-grain
-in Great Britain to protect British farmers by prohibiting citizens of foreign grain |
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| -pope was granted this his country within Rome |
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| -founded by a swiss business man during the wars of Piedmont with Austria in the north |
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| -last war of the German Unification process |
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| invented the hand operated spinning jenny for cotton |
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| -1702 built first economically significant steam engine |
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Definition
| made improvements on Newcomen's steam engine |
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Definition
-limited factory workday for chidren 9-13 to eight hours and 14-18 twelve hours
-prohibited factory work for children under 9 |
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| prohibited underground work for all women and boys under 10 |
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