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| trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans. |
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| important Portuguese factory on the coast of modern Ghana. |
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| Afro-Portuguese traders who joined the economies of the African interior with coastal centers. |
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| ruler of the Kongo kingdom (1507-1543); converted to Christianity and was renamed Afonso I; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade. |
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| Portuguese settlement founded in the 1520s; became the core for the colony of Angola. |
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| chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies. |
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| a unit in the complex exchange system of the West African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave. |
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| complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa. |
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| Akan state the Gold Coast (now Ghana) among the Akan people and centered at Kumasi. |
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| important ruler who began centralization and expansion of Asante. |
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| title, created by Osei Tutu, of the civil and religious ruler of Asante. |
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| African kingdom in the Bight of Benin; at the height of its power when Europeans arrived; active slave trading state; famous for if bronze casting techniques. |
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| African state among the Fon or Aja peoples; developed in the 17th century centered at Abomey; became a major slave trading state through utilization of Western firearms. |
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| Nilotic people who migrated from the Upper Nile regions to establish dynasties the lakes region of central Africa. |
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| Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa.. |
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| movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government. |
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| ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; developed military tactics that created the Zulu state. |
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| wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migrations and alterations in African political organization. |
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| African states formed peoples reacting to the stresses of the Mfecane. |
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| slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience. |
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| African religious practices in the British American islands. |
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| African religious practices in Brazil among the Yoruba. |
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| African religious practices among descendants in Haiti. |
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| Angolan-led large runaway slave state in 17th-century Brazil. |
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| descendants of 18th century runaway slaves who found permanent refuge in the rainforests of Surinam and French Guiana. |
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| British reformer who led the abolitionist movement that ended the British slave trade in 1807. |
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