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| Most Important factor in determining guild membership |
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| only masters of trade could be a guild members |
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| Benefits of three-field system of farming |
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- food production increase
- villages had more to eat
- Better Food
- Population increase (larger families) |
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| Leader of French troops at Orleans |
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| Legislative body of Medieval England |
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| Preserved ancient Greek writings in libraries |
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| Central Issue of Hundred Years' War |
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| Who will claim the french throne |
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| Pope Calling for first crusade |
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| King who left England to lead a Crusade |
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| a medieval Peasant legally bound to live on a lords estate |
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| Church Problems in early 1000s |
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- Simony
- Village priest got married and had families
- lay Investiture |
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| Origin of English Common Law |
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| used knowledge of Aristotle to debate many issues of their time |
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| the document that stated that a monarch’s power was limited and stated that the relationship between king and vassals was based on mutual rights and obligations |
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| Leader who defeated Vikings in England |
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| Group responsible for spread of Plague |
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| these cathedrals thrust upwards as if reaching toward heaven, light streamed in through huge stained-glass windows |
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| the effort to drive the Muslims out Spain |
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| Cause of the Great Schism |
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| 2 popes; French pope lived in Avignon; Italian pope lived in Rome. THIS BEGAN THE SPLIT IN THE CHURCH! |
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| first to claim as a personal property |
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| a famous religious settlement signed in 1955, which stated that the religion of each German state was to be decided by its ruler |
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| First book printed using movable type |
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| a renaissance artist who pained the ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, designed the the dome to top St. Peter's Basilica, and sculpted David from 1501 to 1504 |
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| Content of 95 Theses of Martin Luther |
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Definition
- People could win salvation only by faith in God's gift of forgiveness.
- All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible
- All people with faith were equal
A PAPER WITH COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE CHURCH WRITTEN LUTHER AND TACKED UP ON CHURCH DOORS |
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| Meaning of Greek word "utopia" |
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| controlled Florence as a dictatorship |
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| studied subjects common to classical classical education, such as history, literature, and philosophy. |
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| means rebirth and lead to a rebirth of art and learning |
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| by: Niccolo Machiavelli - examines the imperfect conduct of human beings |
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| Reason for Henry VIIIs' split with the church |
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| so that he could have an heir(son) |
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| Time period of the renaissance |
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| The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved |
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| causes of civil wars 1562-1598 in France |
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- Religious conflict
- Catholicism
- Wealth |
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| Religion of Dutch Revolters |
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| The bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary |
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| authority came directly from god |
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| Romanov czar of Russia, ruled 1689-1725 |
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| essential part of Russian economy |
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| Austria's greatest enemy under Maria Theresa |
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| Ruler of Austria during mid-1700s |
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| results of English Civil War |
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- Charles held in prison and faced public trial and execution
- John Lambert drafted a constitution |
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| war marking start of modern state system |
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| English type of government at end of 1600s |
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| Government set up by the Dutch |
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| object of Ivan the Terrible's Cruelty |
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| the death of Anastasia's, accusing Boyars of poisoning his wife |
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| The first Russian ruler to use the term "Caesar" |
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| where the people created the government |
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| city at center of Enlightenment |
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| Who forced Robespierre from power |
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| France was an enemy in late 1700s |
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