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| First direct ancestors of modern humans |
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| Evolved form of Homo Erectus, first humans |
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| Vertical shafts running down through Minoan Palace complexes, to light the lower stories |
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| Ancestors of Homo Sapiens; the first to bury their dead with offerings in graves |
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| The Late Stone Age, which saw the first developments in agriculture |
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| The Old Stone Age, marked by the first appearance of Homo Erectus |
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| Form of Egyptian architecture, generally (although not exclusively) used for the tombs of royalty and aristocracy |
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| Earliest known form of hominid (human-like creature) |
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| A group of early Mesopotamian peoples who spoke variations of the same language |
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| Sumerian religious structure made of bricks built to form terraces |
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| Square block forming part of a Doric capital |
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| The lowest of three bands forming the upper part of a Doric temple |
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| Presocratic philosophers who believed that matter consisted of atoms, small indivisible particles |
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| Greek double-reed musical instrument, similar to the modern oboe |
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| Athenian vase-painting technique where-by the outline of a figure was painted in solid black and the details were produced by cutting away the paint with a fine nail |
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| Unit forming the head of a column |
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| Greek musical instrument: seven-stringed lyre |
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| Top part of a Greek temple, projecting over the rest of the building |
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| Choral hymn sung in honor of the god Dionysus |
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| Mode of Greek music expressing powerful, at times warlike feelings |
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| Presocratic philosophers who believed in the existence of two worlds: one real, the other ideal |
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| Convex disc forming part of a Doric capital |
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| Term used by Plato to describe an individual's moral character |
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| Middle band of the upper part of a Doric temple |
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| Excessive - and therefore self-destructive - pride and ambition |
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| Draped standing female figure, common in Archaic sculpture |
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| Nude standing male figure, common in Archaic sculpture |
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| Maze pattern, used frequently in Geometric pottery decoration |
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| Rectangular panels alternating with triglyphs in a Doric frieze |
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| Modern musical unit deriving from Pythagorean ideas about harmony |
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| Early potter decoration, popular at Corinth, using motifs from Eastern art |
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| Song consisting of a solemn invocation to the gods |
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| Long extended triangle at the top of each end of a Greek temple, often filled with sculpture |
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| Study of the nature and ultimate significance of hte human experience |
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| Greek self-governing city-state |
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| Mode of Greek music expressing passion and sensuality |
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| Greek philosophers before the time of Socrates |
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| Moral and intellectual teachings of Pythagoras |
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| Style of Athenian vase-painting whereby the figures are painted with a brush using red paint |
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| Sculptures carved out of a block of stone so deeply that they seem to stand independently |
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| Sculptures carved out of the surface of a block of stone |
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| Panel carved into three vertical bands, alternating with metopes on a Doric frieze |
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| Spiral design of an Ionic capital |
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| The directing council of the Athenian Assembly |
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| Female statues used instead of columns to support a roof, as on the South Porch of the Erechtheum |
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| According to Aristotle, the "cleansing of the soul" experienced by a person who has undergone a tragic series of events |
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| The collective body that interacts with the individual actors in a Greek tragedy (e.g., the People of Thebes) |
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| The process whereby a Doric column is thickest at a point one-third from the base and then tapers to the top |
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| A musical interval used to build up the Greek modes |
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| Indian Buddhist sculpture influenced by Greek model |
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| The character flaw in otherwise noble people that causes their tragic fate |
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| Used by the Greeks to describe certain musical scales; in modern usage, the sounding together of various chords |
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| The scales that formed the basis of the Greek system of music |
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| Literally "virgin." The attribute of Athena used to name her temple, the Parthenon |
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| The lighthearted play that followed the tragic trilogy of plays in performances at the Festival of Dionysus at Athens |
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| Traveling professional "philosophers" who taught their pupils, among other things, how to win arguments and debates |
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| A unit of four musical notes. A combination of two tetrachords, eight consecutive notes, formed a mode |
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| A series of three tragic plays, either related or on separate themes, performed at the Athenian Festival of Dionysus |
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