Term
| The Thirty Years' War is also known as what? |
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Definition
| "Last of the Religious Wars" |
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Term
| Who contolled the lives of people in Europe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Protestant Reformation? |
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Definition
| A breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church |
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Term
| Why did the Protestant Reformation happen? |
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Definition
1)Corruption of church (catholic) leaders
2)Emergence of Nations
3)Rise of the middle class
4)Interest in learning of the past |
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Term
| Who led the Protestant Reformation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Martin Luther was originally what? |
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Definition
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Term
| While Martin Luther was reading the Bible realized what? |
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Definition
| Works did not get a person to Heaven, Faith alone got a person to Heaven. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the Protestant Reformation take place? |
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Definition
Northern and Western Europe
(France, England, Holy Roman Empire) |
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Term
| Where was the the Thirty Years' War fought? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the defensive military alliances formed by the German states to protect themselves from others? |
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Definition
| Protestant Union & Catholic League |
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Term
| What were the four major phases of the Thirty Years' War? |
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Definition
1)Bohemian Phase
2)Danish Phase
3)Swedish Phase
4)Franco-Swedish Phase |
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Term
| Who was fighting during the Bohemian Phase? |
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Definition
| Frederick and the Bohemian Nobles versus The Catholics and Ferdinand |
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Term
| Who won the Bohemian Phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were allies to Ferdinand? |
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Definition
| The Catholic League, Spain, and The Holy Roman Empire |
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Term
| What were the results of the Bohemian Phase? |
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Definition
1)restoration of Ferdinand
2)Frederick loses everything
3)division of Palatinate |
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Term
| Who was fighting in the Danish Phase? |
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Definition
| Christian IV of Denmark vs. the Catholics (Ferdinand, Catholic League, Spain) |
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Term
| Who won the Danish Phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the results of the Danish Phase? |
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Definition
| Ferdinand passed the Edict of Restitution (it restored lands to the Catholics) |
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Term
| Who was fighting in the Swedish Phase? |
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Definition
| King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden vs. the Catholics |
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Term
| Who won the Swedish Phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the results of the Swedish Phase? |
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Definition
1)annulment of the Edict of Restitution
2)continuation of war by the Swedes |
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Term
| Who was fighting in the Franco-Swedish Phase? |
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Definition
France and Sweden vs. the Catholics
(Change in focus- war now becomes political) |
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Term
| Who won the Franco-Swedish Phase? |
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Definition
| France and the Protestants |
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Term
| What were the results of the Franco-Swedish Phase? |
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Definition
| Peace of Westphalia (1648) |
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Term
| What happened becuase of the treaty "Peace of Westphalia"? |
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Definition
1)France was the strongest nation in Europe
2)Habsburgs loss their power in the German states
3)New rule of Europe was balance of power |
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Term
| Who was an absolute monarchy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Cardinal Richelieu? |
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Definition
| Chief minister of Louis XIII |
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Term
| What did Cardinal Richelieu do? |
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Definition
| laid foundations for an absolute monarch in France |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"L'etat, cest moi."
("I am the state.") |
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Term
| What five things made Louis XIV an absolute king? |
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Definition
1)Splendor
2)Control
3)Wealth
4)Religion
5)War |
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Term
| How was splendor used to make Louis XIV an absolute king? |
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Definition
1)artists glorified him and France
2)Versailles was the ultimate statement of splendor |
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Term
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Definition
1)showed the greatness of the king and of France
2)kept the nobility occupied |
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Term
| How did Louis XIV use control to be an absolute king? |
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Definition
1)had talented commoners run the government
2)intendants represented the king in local communities |
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Term
| How was wealth used to make Louis XIV an absolute king? |
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Definition
1)Jean-Baptiste Colbert was a capable finance minister
2)Louis had the power to raise taxes |
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Term
| Who is associated with mercantilism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| get as much money (gold and silver) as possible for the government |
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Term
| What strategies did Jean-Baptiste Colbert use for mercantilism? |
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Definition
1)colonize
2)decrease imports
3)increase exports |
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Term
| How was Louis XIV an absolute king with Religion? |
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Definition
Passed Edict of Fontainebieau (Oct. 1685) which revoked the Edict of Nantes
*removed religious toleration for Protestants |
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Term
| How did Louis XIV use war to be an absolute king? |
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Definition
1)established a well-trained, professional army
2)fought three wars to gain territory to the north and east
3)The War of the Spanish Succession was fought over the Spanish throne |
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Term
| What was the result of The War of the Spanish Succession? |
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Definition
| The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) which applied the principle of balance of power |
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