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Western Civilizations
WWI aftermath until WWII
34
History
Undergraduate 2
11/18/2012

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Cards

Term
Balfour Declaration
Definition
1917, promised homeland for Jews in Palestine.
Term
Total War
Definition
Total mobilization in homefront and war front, economic and political war.
Term
Versailles Treaty
Definition
1919, ended WWI and caused Germany to surrender territory and pay reparations to the allies, disarmament.
Term
Mandates System
Definition
Legitimized Europe's dominance over territories, divided into groups, held by the League of Nations.
Term
"new women"
Definition
worked in factories, suffrage.
Term
soviet
Definition
councils elected by workers and soldiers. Petrograd soviets, power during WWI. Wanted social reform, redistribution of land.
Term
Bolshevik
Definition

former Russia decmocratic party. Advocated distribution of capitalists institutions and started the russian revolution.

 

Term
February Revolution
Definition
Collapse of monarchy, "Bread, peace, war," replaced Russia Republic with Provisional Goverment and Petrograd Soviet
Term
October Revolution
Definition
Perograd overthrew Provisional government and gave power to the Bolsheviks and soviets.
Term
Lenin
Definition
leader of the Bolshevik revolution and first leader of soviet russia
Term
Russian Civil War
Definition
Bolsheviks won. Had a rising support. New government took control of industry and capitalists. Devestating impact on agriculture led to a famine.
Term
Red and White
Definition

red = Bolsheviks

White = liberals and nobility

Term
Collectivization
Definition
Stalin's plan for nationalizing agricultural production. Peasants forced to give up land and join mass farms. Many who rebelled were deported to camps and their food supply was cut off.
Term
Kulak
Definition
"Wealthy" farmers, subject to collectivazation, were relocated. Led to the largest famine in history.
Term
Great Terror
Definition
Murder and deportation of millions to labor camps in an attempt to consolidate power and remove enemies.
Term
Gulag
Definition
labor camps
Term
Hitler
Definition
leader of Nazi party, chancellor of Germany. Started WWII and the murder of millions of Jews.
Term
Mussolini
Definition
Founder of Fascist party in Italy
Term
Mein Kampf
Definition
Autobiography of Hitler written in prison, communists and Jews weakened Germany
Term
Great Depression
Definition
global economic crisis following US stock exchange collapse, ending at WWII
Term
Heinrich Himmler
Definition
Leader of SS Nazis, fight political and racial regime, built concentration camps
Term
Kristallnact
Definition
Attack by Nazis on Jews following assassination of a German by a Jewish man. Stores and school etc attacked, dozens killed. Tens of thousands Jews arrested, tortured and murdered
Term
Reichstag Fire
Definition
Communists set fire. Hitler siezed civil rights, gained unlimited power for the nect 4 years. His government was the Third Reich
Term
Nuremberg Decree
Definition
deprived Jews of their German citizenship and prohibited marriage between a German and a Jew.
Term
New Deal
Definition
Roosevelt's package of reforms to give jobs, welfare, and security to financial markets.
Term
Guernica
Definition
Destroyed by German air force in an attempt to cutoff republican supply line and terrorize citizens
Term
Francisco Franco
Definition
Rebel Commander aided by Hitler and Mussolini, winning the war, sent millions of republicans to jail.
Term
Appeasement
Definition
Policy by the west government to Germany, Italy, Japan agression leading up to WWII. attempted to negotiate peace, said Germany had mistreated the Versailles Treaty and feared fascist Germany to spread to the Soviet Union
Term
Neville Chamberlain
Definition
British prime minister, balance of power
Term
Muich Conference
Definition

Hitler met with leaders of Britain, France, and Italy to negotiate agreement giving Germany part of Czech. Chamberlain believed this would bring peace. Germany invaded Czech and took over the counrty

 

Term
Rassenkampf
Definition
radical struggle
Term
Untermenschen
Definition
sub-human, jews, gypsies, slavs, marxists
Term
Operation Barbarossa
Definition
Code name for Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Russia, into Baltic nations. Defeated much of the Red army, destruction of communism and radical purification
Term
Einsatzgruppen
Definition
death squads
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