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| Tigris and Euphrates running through this area, intensive agriculture, annual flooding created richness of soil |
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| 3000 BC first real cities, temples and public monuments, complicated political and economic structures in place, early writings are found, cradle of civilization |
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| First writing systems and dominate early messopotamia, Semitic languages, polytheistic, ruled by a monarch, social structures, Gilgamesh was a sumerian |
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| (2686-2125) Akkadians ascend to power about 2000, Babylon rose with the Akkadians, Aramaic probably entered through Syria, |
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| Sliver of land that is Israel and Lebanon |
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