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| Emperor Justnian's most important contribution |
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| The Body of Civil Law. (The foundation for most of the legal system of Europe) |
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| The most serious challenge to the Eastern Roman empire |
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| The rise of Islam, as it unified the Arabs into a powerful fighting force. |
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| The religion of the Eastern Roman Empire |
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| The emperor appoints the head of the church known as the |
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| Head of the western church |
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| name of the western church |
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| name of the eastern church |
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| The religion founded by Muhammad and centered around the Quran. Muhammad is known as the prophet and he was told to recite the Quran by Gabriel, an angel of Allah. |
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| The journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later named Medina. It is also known as year 1 in the official calendar of Islam. |
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| The central shrine in Mecca which holds the black stone which is worshiped by all the Arab tribes. Muhammad is said to have smashed all the idols there when he made it the sacred shrine of Islam. |
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| Khadija is Muhammad's wife who was not only the first convert to Islam but also Muhammad's wife. She was also Muhammad's boss as a caravan manager. |
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1) Belief in Allah as the sole and true god and Muhammad as his prophet
2) Standard prayer five times a day and public prayer on Fridays
3) Observation of the holy month of Ramadan including fasting
4) Making a pilgrimage to Mecca in one's lifetime
5) giving alms to the poor and unfortunate |
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| The code of law written up by Islamic scholars in order to guide believers with a set of practical laws. Much of it is taken from the Quran. |
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| the secular leader of the Islamic community |
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| struggle in the way of God |
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| the man chosen as successor to Muhammad |
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| Ali (Muhammad's son in law) |
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| man chosen as sucessor to Abu Bakr but quickly assassinated. Believed by Shi'ites to be the true rulers of Islam. |
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| Believed by Sunnites to be the true ruler of Islam, founded Umayyads and made caliphate hereditary. |
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| Abu al-Abbas (descendent of Muhammad's uncle) |
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| Founder of the Abbasids. He established Abbasids after the Umayyads brought about their own demise through corrupt behavior. |
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