Which of the following was not an important part of Rome’s legacy to medieval European civilization?

a.  the Latin language.             b. the Roman military system.           c. Christianity.        d. the concept of empire.

The power of early medieval Germanic leaders was dependent largely upon

.  the size and strength of their personal retinue of warriors

The term “Arian Christianity” refers to

a Christian sect that maintained that Jesus Christ was a created being, subordinate to his Father

The early Merovingian kings claimed descent from a strange sea-beast and an unusually tolerant Frankish princess.  From this union they inherited

a generous helping of royal “charisma” (Heil).

. The morbus Gothorum (“the disease of the Goths”) refers to,

the tendency of Germans to choose a king through civil war

The Frankish king who converted to Catholicism, smote the Visigoths, secured his family’s grip on the throne for the next two hundred years, and united Franks and Gallo-Romans behind his rule was

Clovis

The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor who tried with some success to re-conquer the lost western provinces, and also built a spectacular church in Constantinople, and codified Roman law was

Justinian

Which of the following was not among the many problems of the early Frankish (Merovingian) kingdoms

Viking and Muslim raiders slaughtered most of the lawful kings in battle.

The Carolingians benefitted from having what historians call, “a soft frontier.”  This is best defined as

weaker foreign neighbors whose lands could be seized

Eventually, the Carolingians replaced the older Merovingian dynasty as kings of the Franks when, the last Merovingian king,

was deposed on the authority of the Pope.

Vikings originated from which region of Europe?

Scandinavia

 On Christmas day, in the year 800,

. Charlemagne was crowned Roman Emperor

The “Carolingian Renaissance” best describes what?

  a. An explosive period of artistic creativity, best expressed through paintings using new rules of perspective.

  b. The state sanctioned standardization and revision of language, script, monastic rule, the Bible, and much else.

  c.  A revival of classical learning, poetry, and philosophy, sparked particularly by the rediscovery of Aristotle.

  d. All of the above.

Which of the following were not elements in Charlemagne’s administration

a.  numerii Carolingii (Frankish “secret police”).                 b. missi dominici (royal supervisors and “watch dogs”)

   c. counts and dukes (royal officials).                                    d.  royal vassals.

 a. divided Charlemagne’s empire among his three grandsons.     

b. began the disintegration of the Frankish Empire.

 c. established the basic outline of the modern states of France and Germany.                                 d.  all of the above

Were a Viking to exact particularly horrible revenge upon a hated enemy, he (or she) might well,

.  carve the “blood eagle” on his back.

. According to Islamic belief, the last and only complete revelation of God’s word was received by,

. Mohammad

Medieval serfs are best described as

.  semi-free tenant farmers, legally bound to their fields for life, and usually serving a more powerful lord

 In general, in the 200 years after Charlemagne’s death, political power in Europe gradually became,

. more localized and dependent on nobles

Which of the following best describes the medieval “Three Orders” of society?

clergy, nobles (warriors), and peasants

The “First European Revolution” of the 10^th and 11^th centuries refers to,

a sustained rise in wealth, productivity and population

The monastic reform movement of the 10^th/11^th century is most closely associated with the monastery at,

Cluny

Reforming clerics hated the practice of “Lay Investiture” because it involved,

Secular lords appointing bishops and other clerics and “investing” them with their symbols of office.

If you came to Rome during the “pornocracy,” you would discover that,

a powerful woman controlled the papacy and the city.