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| from ____ to ____ Europe was a frontier |
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| what was europe from 500-1000 |
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- undeveloped, sparsely populated; on the fringe of civilization.
- colder climate with seasonal changes; forests; dense clay (but fertile) soil
- mineral resources
- seas and rivers: trade, transportation;fish;and power
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what did this describe:
- undeveloped, sparsely populated; on the fringe of civilization.
- colder climate with seasonal changes; forests; dense clay (but fertile) soil
- mineral resources
- seas and rivers: trade, transportation;fish;and power
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| why is this era called the middle ages? |
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| after the western roman empire falls; less trade and learning (a "dark age") and fewer cities. People tended to live in small, isolated, rural villages |
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| who was Clovis the king of? what did he do having to do with religion? |
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| franks, he converted to christianity after capturing Gaul. His wife wanted him to convert, and the people of Gaul appreciated him more because they were christian. |
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| what were customs of the germanic tribes? |
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unwritten laws
kings of small kingdoms |
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| with Clovis, what dynasty began? |
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Islamic armies.
They reached northern france within 100 years |
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| what does major domo mean? |
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mayor of the palace
domo = leader |
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| whos christian army defeated the muslims at the battle of tours? |
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| when did charles martels christian army defeat the muuslims at the battle of tours? |
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| when did charles' son, Pepin the short, with the support of the pope, overthrow the Merovingian ruler and became Frankish king? |
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| what did Pepin the Short do? |
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| he was charles' son, and with the support of the pope, he overthrow the Merovingian ruler and became Frankish king |
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make connections:
Charlemagne, Charles Martel, and Pepin the Short |
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Definition
| Charles Martel father of Pepin the Short, Charlemagne inherited crown from Pepin. |
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| what does charlemagne mean? |
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who crowns charlemagne emperor?
new ruling family? |
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| who was upset by the pope's appointment of charlemagne? |
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| what was there an expansion of during Charlemanges rule? |
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| who gave land for support of nobles? |
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| what was an efficient government? |
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| revival of learning; the school at Aachen under Alcuin |
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| who made the school and where was it? |
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| after Charlemagne's death? |
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| empire split apart as his heirs fought over it. |
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| when was the treaty of verdun |
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charlemagne's grandsons agree to it.
nobles took central government positions |
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muslims
magyars (hungary)
Vikings (scandanavia) |
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| where are the magyars from? |
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Definition
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| where are the vikings from? |
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| where did Leif Erikson settle? |
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North America 1000
looted and destroyed villages, eventually settled in such places as England and Northern Russia |
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| a loosely organized system in which a local lord (as a vassal) owned his own land but owed military service and loyalty to a greater lord. |
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| what is another name for: a loosely organized system in which a local lord (as a vassal) owned his own land but owed military service and loyalty to a greater lord. |
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| a vassal might have his own vassal to whom he has granted lands |
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| dukes, counts, earls, barons |
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Term
| a _____ would have his own land and he depended on nobles |
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Definition
| a __monarch__ would have his own land and he depended on nobles |
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Term
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| the land given by a lord to a vassal under a feudal contract. The fief included the contactual obligation of the serfs to work the land. these contracts often obligated the vassal to pay money/crops to lord |
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| the lord to whom a vassal owed his primary obligation. this was important because a vassal might owe obligations to multiple lords. |
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| a noble who acted as a warrior for a lord. |
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- recieved lands, rents, horse and or equipment from a lord.
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how did knights train?
how did knights compete, what was the competition called? |
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- they trained as a page (age 7) and as a squire(14)
- enterded tournaments for prizes
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| who converted much of Western Europe in early middle ages? |
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| what was the only unifying force in Western Europe in Middle ages? |
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| what was the main connectio the people |
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| what did parish priest do? |
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Definition
| administered sacraments (ex: marriage, confirmation, baptism, helping the sick) |
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| who set a bad precedent for women? |
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| benedictines were the first monastic order |
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| What did the Bendicts believe |
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Definition
poverty
obedience
chastity
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| where did monks usually stay? and what did they do there? |
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Definition
| they usually stayed in the monasteries, and they prayed and studied. |
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| old manuscripts, which were not read until later people found them |
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where did nuns live?
limitations? |
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Definition
convents
they were subject to additional limitations. |
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Term
what did popes claim?
who usually were they? |
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Definition
papal supremacy
church hierarchy - bishops, etc. were often nobles. |
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| where were there papal states? |
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Definition
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| canon law = religious law |
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| canon law = religious law |
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Term
| ______ = enternal suffering in a hot place |
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Definition
| no sacraments = enternal suffering in a hot place |
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| no sacraments = ____________ |
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Definition
| no sacraments = enternal suffering in a hot place |
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| what were powerful weapons? |
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Definition
| exocommunication and interdict |
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| what was the church sometimes a force for |
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Definition
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| what were clunaic reforms a part of? |
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Definition
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Definition
selling of church property
was not allowed |
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what was this a result of?
- reduced interference of nobles in monastery affairs
- Francis Assisi and the Franciscan friars traveled and preached
- dominicans
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- reduced interference of nobles in monastery affairs
- Francis Assisi and the Franciscan friars traveled and preached
- dominicans
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Term
| Ashkenazim (_______) v. Sephardim (________) |
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Definition
| Ashkenazim (eastern europe) v. Sephardim (spanish & middle ages) |
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Term
| Why were the jews treated well in Middle ages? |
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Definition
| they were treated well in spain because muslims treated them well and cared for the jews (them) and the christians |
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Term
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Definition
| explosion from england and france |
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| who traveled and preached in 1200 |
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Definition
| Francis Assisi and the franciscan friars |
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| sacred rights of the church |
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Term
| what did christians think would lead them to salvation(everlasting living with god) |
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Definition
| participating in sacraments and faith in christ |
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Term
| what else was the church other than for religion? |
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Definition
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what were churches made out of?
1st?
2nd? |
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Definition
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| tax equal to a thenth of their income |
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Definition
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| women were treated more _____ than men. |
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Definition
| women were treated more __harshly___ than men. |
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| What happened under the Benedictine rule? |
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Definition
| moks and nuns tooks 3 vows. |
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Term
| 3 vows nuns and monks took for benedictine rule? |
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Definition
1.obedience to abbot or abbess
2.poverty
3.chastity |
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Term
| were there more restrictions on nuns earlier or later? |
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| authority over all secular rulers |
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| people could not recieve the sacraments or a christian burial |
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| excluding an intire town from receiving sacraments and christian burial |
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Term
clunaic reforms
description |
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Definition
| revived beneditine rule, many others followed. |
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Term
| Francis Assisi and Dominic did what? |
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Definition
| they set up orders of friars, monks who did not live in isolated monasteries but traveled around europe's growing towns preaching to poor. |
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Definition
| spanish priest set up dominican order..... |
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| combat heresy by teaching official roman catholic beliefs. |
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| written document sent out the rights and privileges of the town |
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| a group of merchants pool their funds to finance a large scale venture that would be too costly for individual |
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| merchant deposits money in home city, he is given bill of exchange, he goes and exchanges it for cash in a different city |
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paid rent for their land
most peasants were this |
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| merchants and artisans formed associations |
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| lending money at interest |
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| between nobles and peasants |
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