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| An intellectual movement based in the Renaissance. Humanists believed that a person could develop his or her full human potential only by studying the "humanities" - the liberal arts, in particular literature and History. Given impetus bu the attempt to emulate the virtues and learning of the ancients. |
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1340-1500ad
A time of change. A movement that was rediscovering the arts and worldview of classical antiquity. Although was a wide spread movement, based centerally in Florence, Italy. |
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1480 - 1506
spanish explorer who was looking to find a new way asia instead discovered the indies. makes 4 voyages allowing him to explore south america as well. died 1506 in hispanola. |
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1304-1374
Poet Laureate of italy's vernacular literature. Relied on powerful patrons at various times. Early career began at the papal court in Avignon. |
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1313-1375
Writer of the Decameron. A series of short stories about a group of young people in the country side avoiding the black death, telling stories to entertain one another. |
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1440's ad
German Goldsmith, invented the printing press. This allowed for mass production of identical books and pamphlets aand made the world of letters more accessible to a literate audience. |
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1340-1500ad (late) All of renaissance
The dominant family in the Republic of Florence. The family ran the largest bank in europe and had immense amounts of power and wealth. Run originally by Cosimo de Medici but taken over by his grandson Lorenzo during the families peak. Several members of the Medici family served as Pope, and others married into royalty in different European kingdoms such as France. |
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1388-1464
From Florence Italy. Head of the Medici family and one of the largest banks in Europe. As pope Pius II put it "disposed of his rivals, proceeded to administer the state at his pleasure and amassed wealth...In florence he build a palace fit for a king" Used his power to influence politics, although he never formally held a political office. At his death he was lauded as "father of his country." |
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Assumed power in 1467 - 1492 died.
Grandson of Cosimo de Medici. Called "the Magnificent." Boldstered the regime's legitimacy with his lavish patronage of the arts. Avoided an assassination attempt in 1478. His leadership included the commissioning of work by artists such as Botacelli, Da Vinci and Michaelangelo. |
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1470's
Second wealthiest family in florence. Rivaled the Medici's. Were in on a plot to assassinate Lorenzo and Juliano de Medici. In 1478 they attempted the assassination during Easter Mass and killed Juliano but Lorenzo escaped. |
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mid-late 1400's - 1498
A monk and preacher who believed florence was headed in a bad direction. Displeased with the state of Christianity and spoke out against the Medici family. After Lorenzo de Medici's death he takes over, all hell breaks loose. Bonfires of the Vanities. In 1498 the Pope has him burned at the stake. |
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1469-1527
Florentine political theorist. Wrote the book "The Prince" |
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late 1400's
written by Machiavelli, a Florentine political theorist. It argued that the state was an artifice of human creation to be conquered shaped, and administered by princes acording to the principles of power politics. |
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1490's
The dominate family in Milan Spain. |
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| financial support in commissioning art pieces seen often in the renaissance. The patronage of the Medici family is what allowed artists like michaelangelo...etc to flourish |
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1492-1503
Very Contreversial. Had children, Lucretia and Caesar Borgia. |
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1490's
Daughter of Pope Alexander VI |
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1490's
Son of Pope Alexander VI |
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Becomes pope 1513
Is a Medici. Introduces the sale of Indulgences. Oversee's the constrction of St. Peter's basillica |
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1503-1513
Pope after Pope Alexander VI. Comissions the painting of the Systine Chapel. |
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| Was perfected in the early 1400's by Masaccio. Artists such as Brunelleschi and Donatello both work on theories about it. |
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| the point at which all lines converge |
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1445-1510
worked under the patronage of the Medici. Painted works such as "la primavera" and "The Venus" but later in his career burned some of his works and began painting scenes far more christian based |
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1420's
"David" 1420
and example of humanism and moving away from christian thoughts. Provocative |
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Early 1400's - 1446
Competes in the golden door making competition and loses. Ends up being better, goes to rome. Works on theories of linear perspective and is the architect of the Duomo. |
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| The name for the Cathedral dof Santa Maria del Flori. Located in Florence. Remained without a dome until Brunelleschi was able to engineer a way to put a dome on it in 1420 completed in 1471 |
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1452-1519
The most famous High Renaissance artist. EM Apprenticed by Verrochio. Although best known for his painting, was more interested in engineering, science and math. Also wrote extensively. Finished less then 20 pieces. |
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1475-1564
Brought up in the medici household. Troubled man. Commissioned to do systine chapel, takes fouryears done in freso. Also does Pope Julius II's tomb. In the last judgement portrays himself skinned |
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| Painting done on wet plaster |
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late 1200's to early 1300's
From Venice. Followed toe spice route to eastern edge of china. Sparks interest in the east. Brings back many new things and information. |
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| 1490s navigates around cape hope. 1497-1499. 1/3 crew dies 1/2 ships dont make it. makes it to india. |
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| late1400s ~ 1485 the portuguese kick off. newly colonized islands great for crops hence the need for slaves. |
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1460s-1500s
king of spain. wanted to spread christianity through europe. |
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1469
marries Ferdinand king of spain |
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ended 1492
spains mission to reconquer the iberian penn. in name of christianity. done so successfully |
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1499 - 1502
the first to map out the americas |
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early 1500s
Spanish. explores panama. in 1513 sees the pacific ocean |
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| large indigenous society native to mexico. discovered and conquered by hernando cortez in 1520 |
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1519-1520
initially spends time in cuba. then goes on conquest in mexico and overthrows 20mil with 600 spaniards |
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1519-1521
circumnavigates the globe by boat. supplies run out and men eat dust. 1521 reaches phillipines begins converting. war breaks out and he is killed |
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1530s
does what cortes did to aztecs but in peru. discovers silver |
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| indigenous indians of peru. conquered by pizarro in 1530s |
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late 1300-1417
follower of john wycliffe. followers called hussites. from bohemia. petrine doc false. burnt at the stake |
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late1400-1500
didnt agree with sale of indulgences. advocates literacy |
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early 1500
salesman of indulgences. played off peoples emotions and fears |
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1400-1500
counters the corrupt catholic church |
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| letter written by martin luther to prince albert attacking indulgences and pope in politics. printed and turned intn pamphlets widely dist |
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1555
determins faith of people based on prince/kings faith. only offers catholic or protestant |
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1530s
swiss chaplain. follower of luther. spreads protestant/lutheran in swistzerland |
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1500's
Predestination. Popular in france. Huguenots. Calvinists usually wealthy but didnt display. Actions didnt matter |
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| Calvinist thought. God has already decided who is going to hell/heaven. The elect - people who were believed to be already saved |
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| 15th-16th century. addressed "issues at hand" catholic reformation |
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| settles issues of selling of indulgences. One person can no longer hold many positions. Tries to minimize political power of church. Consolidation of power. |
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| jesuit order. militaristic reform. Deny pleasure to serve god, strict lifestyle of missionary work |
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| has more to do with politics and marriage then protestant reform. Henry VIII needs to be met |
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1509-1547
1520 pope calls "defender of faith" in 1534 he breaks with Catholic church. Defended 7 sacraments. Wanted to get divorced so seperated and created the church of england. had 6 wives |
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| In defense of the seven sacraments |
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| henry VIII defended the sacraments of marriage etc... and catholocism. It was a paper he wrote. |
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| One of Henry VIII lord and protectors |
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1500's 1509
henry VIII first wife, from aragon spain. Originally married to Arthur, Henry's brother. has many miscarriages and one daughter. Eventually divorced by henry. Has daughter mary |
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| Holy Roman Emperor, cousin of Catherine, Encouraged the pope to refuse annullment of marriage. |
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| The church created by Henry VIII after his split from catholic. More protestant. King is leader, allows for divorce |
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| Made King of England the head of the church of england. Officially Catholic church |
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| Henry VIII second wife. Originially lady-in-waiting for Catherin. She doesnt want to marry but eventually does. has daughter elizabeth 1534. Charged with treason disliked by people beheaded 1536 |
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3rd wife of henry 1536-1537
gives birth to son edward, dies of complications during birth |
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1540
4th wife
From protestant family allowing for alliance. They were repulsed by the sight of eachother. marriage annulled |
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marry 1540
5th wife
she is 19, 30yrs younger. Has numerous affairs, cousin of anne boleyn. Is beheaded in 1542 |
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1543 marries henry
6th wife. Acts like more of a nurse. Helps re-establish relationship with daughters |
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| becomes king at 10yrs. Dies at age 16. |
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| Daughter of Henry and Catherin Aragon. Catholic, kills 300 protestants marries phillip II of spain. dies 1558 |
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| 1558 reinstates protestant. Virgin queen worked with parliament. Warred with spain |
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| 1588 england defeats, best navy spain. |
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| Protestant/calvinist family of france. Nobles |
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| Calvinists in France. Nobles 20percent population converts |
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| Plots with catherine demed about massacre. Heavily catholic |
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| Married to French king Henry II. 1550's 9 kids. P;ots with duke guise about daughters marriage to protestant. massacre |
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| St Bartholomew's day massacre |
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| August 24th 1572. 3000 calvinists die in attack. Plotted by duke of guise and catherine de medici |
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| 1589 becomes king converts to catholocism froom calvinism. passes 1598 |
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| 1574 becomes king. Killed of by Henry Guise son of catherine de medici |
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| 1618-1648continental war/ bohemia |
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