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| This is the flash point of the French Revolution, Napoleon is not present yet |
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| 1st consul of France, he had specific powers:making laws,running government, conducting foreign affairs, commanding the armforces |
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| Napoleon- Catholic Church |
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| He made settlement as in the reforms of the revolution and it became the St. Church |
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| Napoleon-Education Reforms |
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| Every village has public schools and boys receive military training |
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| Good ideals come from it started ideal of modern nationalist |
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| Land exchange Malta and Trinidad |
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| Congress of Vienna-Object and Prince Metternich |
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- Malta and trinidad were recieved was to redraw European map,Fame Work for Politics until 1914, Maintained Order - Prince of Austria, very conservative, Major figure |
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| Central Powers, Germany,Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria |
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| Revolutions in Europe-Nationalism and Conservatives/Liberal-Big Year |
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| This is what started term national pride and fights between Liberals and Conservative before 1850, Middle class liberals were upset because no say in politics- Revolution in 1848 |
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| Rev. in Euro- Evffects for others- Failures |
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| - French and american has effect on the euro ones- 1848 the revolutions failed because; They were not well organized, Economy was improving again, governemtns were becoming strong again |
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| Given by Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck about unification of German territories became manifest of his politics |
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| It was passed by Wiggs and then at first the Torries opposed it. Once it pass there were changes in Electoral system |
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| British Corn Laws and sir robert Peel |
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| Hated by the middle class- repealed them, started London Police forced, helped in forming the conservative party |
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| Industrial revolution-where and why- Steam Power |
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| Began in the Lat 1700's-Population increase, surplus in capital or resources middle class opinion of workers were poor. They were lazy and stupid- 1st use dint eh coal mining, the steam Pump used for removing watter, invented by James Watt and Tom Newcomen |
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| Adam Smith- Collective Bargaining-Nat. Wealth |
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| - that is could not take place since workers have different abilities- national wealth=production |
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| he said "Human breeding can be slowed by later marriage" he was trying to control population growth, there was not enough reasources |
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| Unification of Germany-Franco-Prussian War |
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| Done through Bismarck, ended up creating German empire, Unification from battle ove3r Schleswig-Holstien against demarck, Austro-Prussian war, -Franco-prussian War, the decisive battle was Sadan and marked the down fall of Napoleon III and the second French Empire |
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| they were most important in Italian politics in 1840's |
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| she reigned in 1837-1901, longest reign, she started the Victorian era, great expansion in Europe, called grandma of Europe |
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| The main result is the working class was given the right to vote in England and Whales |
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| Political scandal that divided France, he was a French/Jewish officer that was arrested for something that he did not do. Shows anti-semitism of France |
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| He was last German Emperor and Prussia, Fired Bismarck because politics were calculative, Wilhelm wanted to have big expansion and so bismark and he clashed |
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| Began after 1870 because colonies were good markets for industrial goods, refueling stations, people thought was it was their duty to civalize natives. It began to decline after WWII |
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| around 1900 extreme in France, Germany, and Russia |
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| Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Main form of warfare is Trench warfare |
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| Ludendorff, Hindenburg KNOW HOW TO SPELL |
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| 1916 British hope to open gap to Calvary charge for victory to happen, One of the largest battles and the bloodiest, Point was to draw forces form Verdany, Not a decisive win |
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| Passenger liner ship sunk in 1916 by German Submarine |
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| German plan to sweep through Belgium and go through quick, the fought back unexpectedly |
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| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk-WWI |
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| Between Russia and Central Powers, Russia agrees to leave war |
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| 1918, the whole world begins downward spiral |
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| Ended the war between Germany and Allies, very harsh blamed Germans totally for the war, Lot of restrictions like only 100,000 in army, No aircrafts, 2 subs |
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| David Loyd George (Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France), Woodrow Wilson (US) |
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| Nicholas II is the last Czar, and after all revolutions separate parties began to take control. Then Lenin comes in and takes control , he isn't the 1st on though |
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| The stock market crashed, Farm Crisis-too much food. this did not lead to the GD but one of the factors, speed it up. 1929 it crashed |
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| British economist, basic point is that he believed deficit spending could be a good thing |
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| Allowed workers to organize unions, collective bargaining and strike |
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| Created by FDR, new force in American Politics for labor |
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| Events leading to WWII-Germany Between 1920-23 |
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| Crisis 3 things, Frei Korps march on Berlin, Great inflation, Beer hall Putsch |
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| Spartacists, Communist, Gustav Stressemann was the greatest leader |
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| this is what the French depended on and is was fixed so once the Germans passed the line there was no way to turn the guns around, it was stupid |
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| Hitler- Events leading to WWII |
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| Domestic affairs- gains absolute control, outlaws other parties, outlawed labor union, took over courts and civil service |
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| Given to Germany by Czechoslovakia at Munich in 1938 |
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| the German method of mobile war in WWII |
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| Became British Prime minister in 1940 |
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| Commander of the German SS |
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| He governed Norway for the Nazis ( i think he was strict) |
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| American General, take Cicily in 40 days |
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| American Naval Commander, wins battle of Midway |
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| British commander at El Alamin |
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| Desert Fox, German leader of Afrika Korps |
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| Commander of German Air force |
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| Between America and UK, Decide to attack Hitler 1st |
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| WWII- Battle of Stalingrad |
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| bloodiest battle Ever, soviets maintain city of Stalingrad |
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| Dec. 7, 1941, day that will live in infamy, Catalyst to involvement |
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| Major battle, Japan used kamikazes |
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| WWII- Operation Barbarossa |
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| Nazi plan to invade soviet union, major part of eastern Front, It was a Failure |
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| WWII- Casablanca Conference |
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| Allies plan strategy for WWII, called for unconditional surrender |
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| Development of the Atomic bomb, Japan surrenders after second one |
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| This Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force, Germany did not have better planes, strategic bombing helped Britain |
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| WWII- Battle of El Alamein |
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| Turning point in Africa in favor of the Allies |
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| Yalta, Konrad Adener, results |
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| Germany Divided in Different zones of Occupation. Konrad Adener- Key leader in West Germany, Stalin promises to enter war against Japan, Foundations of UN are laid out |
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| Built stupid, to rebuild Europe at our Expence |
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| Leader in France, wants to make it great power again |
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| 1st Defeat in American History |
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1. Gap between rich andpoor would widen
2. Class struggle
3. Economic dertermination was not only factor
4. labor is not the only value at a time
5. Capatilist were not parasites |
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| Advantages of the North inthe Civil war |
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1.Industrial Stregnth
2. Greater Man Power
3. Navy
4. France stayed out. they were going to help out south |
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