Term
| What's a grating sound/sensation under the skin with bone and cartilage scraping, or in the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term for under the nails and hooves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is most appropriate for patients with moderate dehydration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the delivery rate for microdrip administration sets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is a bitches 1st cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage do cornified cells increase by 10% a day and there may be some red blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the cycle is whelping to the onset of the next cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone is produced by follicles during proestrus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Growth & bleeding in the uterus and cellular thickening of the vaginal canal occur during diestrus. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Estrogen decreases and progesterone increases in what
part of the cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs 48 hours after the LH peak? (ovulation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the cycle are there ~95% superficial cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pseudopregnancy and progesterone is the dominant hormone
in what part of the cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the cycle does the bitch refuse to stand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A decline in the % of superficial cells occurs in what
part of the cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vulva may become less swollen on the onset of what
part of the cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bloody discharge will turn straw colored at the onset
of what part of the cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age should dogs have their first breedings by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you see non-cornified cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Every 2 years is recommended for breeding a bitch. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tried and true method in simple breeding management? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most bitches follow uncertain cycles when they're mid-age. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When stage do cells decrease from 100% cornified to 50% cornified in one day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brucella canis is detected in what way? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can brucella canis cause? |
|
Definition
| Infertility in males, abortions in females |
|
|
Term
| What does the abbreviation supp stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal pulse range for dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal pulse range for cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal respiration range for dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal pulse rate for puppies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 bilaterally paired lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
Mandibular - under lower jaw
Prescapular - in front of shoulders (palpable only if enlarged)
Popliteal - caudal thigh, behind stifle
Axillary - armpit (palpable only if enlarged)
Inguinal - inside the thigh (palpable only if enlarged) |
|
|
Term
| What type of dogs are prone to ectropion? Ectropion: Outward rolling of the eyelid |
|
Definition
| Bloodhound, bulldog, cocker spaniel |
|
|
Term
| What type of dogs are prone to entropion? Entropion: Inward rolling of the eyelid |
|
Definition
| Shar Pei, Chow Chow, St Bernard, Golden Retriever |
|
|
Term
| What's a sinus arrhythmia? |
|
Definition
| Normal in dogs. Heart rate speeds up when animal inhales, slows down when animal exhales. |
|
|
Term
| What is the neonate period for dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the socialization period for dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the Adolescent Period for canines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the Neonatal Period for felines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the Socialization Period for felines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the Juvenile Period for felines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gestation period for canines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does pv stand for in VM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does ung stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does OS stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does OD stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does OU stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does AS stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does AD stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does AU stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does IU stand for in veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many ounces are in 1lb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 6 things must be on a pet food label? |
|
Definition
| Product name, Name & address of manufacturer. Net pakage content (wt.), and Dog or cat food indication, indication for special use (puppies..), and ingredient list (order by wt.) |
|
|
Term
| What is an acid that cats need, but dogs don't? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you breed a bitch after the onset of last heat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should you breed for the first 2-3 breedings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When breeding, how long does intromission and thrusting last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does retroflexion typically last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the diestrus shift? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How old should a queen be before breeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Queens should be bred more than once a year. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is an ideal time to start breeding cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About how many days after the week of ovulation should you expect kittens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what should be 0.5% & 1%, respectively, of a dogs diet? |
|
Definition
| Arginine and linoleic acid |
|
|
Term
| how many times a day should you feed puppies/kittens up to 3 months old? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you encourage solid food to puppies/kittens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when should puppies/kittens be weaned? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the amino acid occuring in animal and fish protein that cats need but dogs don't? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 vitamins do cats need? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the first step in the VTPM (Vet Tech Practice Model)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the 2nd step of the VTPM? |
|
Definition
| Identify and prioritize technician assessments |
|
|
Term
| What's the 3rd step of the VTPM? |
|
Definition
| Develop a plan of care and intervene |
|
|
Term
| What's the 4th step in the VTPM? |
|
Definition
| Evaluate results and reintervene or finish |
|
|
Term
| SOAPS are a legal document. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 energy-producing nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 water-soluble vitamins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 macro-minerals? |
|
Definition
| Calcium, phosphourus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 micro-minerals? |
|
Definition
| Iron, copper, zinc, and iodine |
|
|
Term
| What animal are omnivores and rely on carbs as their primary energy source? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the formula for RER/BER? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the formula for MER? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 8 things are types of enteral nutrition routes? |
|
Definition
| Coaxing/warming, appetite-stimulating drugs, force feeding, orogastric tube, nasogastric tube, esophagostomy tube, gastrostomy, and enterostomy |
|
|
Term
| What's an example parenteral nutrition route? |
|
Definition
| IV infusion (calories must be given gradually) |
|
|
Term
| What's the pathway of blood? |
|
Definition
| Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve (bicuspid), left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body |
|
|
Term
| What wave represents atrial depolarization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What represents ventricular depolarization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wave represents ventricular repolarization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does interference look like on an ECG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of heart failure does pulmonary edema occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of heart failure is there edema in distal limbs? |
|
Definition
| Right-sided heart failure |
|
|
Term
| What does AAFCO stand for? |
|
Definition
| Association of American Feed Control Officials |
|
|
Term
| Systolic values greater than __ and diastolic values greater than __ are required for perfusion of vital organs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term for normally harmless sensations being interpreted as pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of principles that are considered right or wrong and are determined by society, yourself, or collegues in your profession |
|
|
Term
| What does jurisprudence mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does xylitol toxicity cause in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 8 household foods that are hazardous to pets? |
|
Definition
| Moldy food, chocolate (theobromine and caffeine), onions (allium family), macadamia nuts, rising bread dough, grapes/raisins, tobacco products,and xylitol |
|
|
Term
| What are 8 miscellaneous household items that are hazardous to pets? |
|
Definition
| Heavy metals (Lead/Zinc), ant bait, silica gel packets, glow sticks, liquid potpourri, batteries, mothballs, and ice/snow melt |
|
|
Term
| What 4 plants are hazardous to pets? |
|
Definition
| Rhododendron sp., castor beans (ricin), lillies, philodendrom sp. (Elephant ears/Calla lily) |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 things you should do for a poison emergency? |
|
Definition
| Asses, stabilize, decontaminate, control clinical signs, and good nursing care |
|
|
Term
| Within how many hours is emesis productive after ingesting toxins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 types of ethics? |
|
Definition
| Social consensus, personal, and professional ethics |
|
|
Term
| How many times should a gastric gavage be repeated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should you measure when placing a nasogastric tube? |
|
Definition
| Tip of nose to the last rib |
|
|
Term
| What 3 -omas are malignant? |
|
Definition
| Melanomas, insulinomas, and thymomas |
|
|
Term
| What's a benign cartilage tumor called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a malignant fibrous tissue tumor called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a benign smooth muscle tumor called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a malignant skeletal muscle tumor called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 places can you retrieve bone marrow for a BMA? |
|
Definition
| Iliac crest, proximal humerus, and trochanteric fossa of the proximal femur |
|
|
Term
| What's the maximum thickness allowed for formalin to penetrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many hours is animal waste the most toxic if they are on chemotherapy drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is WBCs in urine called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In males, what induces spermatogenesis? |
|
Definition
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
|
|
Term
| In females, what induces oogenesis? |
|
Definition
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
|
|
Term
| In males, what induces testosterone production? |
|
Definition
| Leuteinizing hormone (LH) |
|
|
Term
| What 3 hormones do the adrenal cortex produce? |
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid hormones, mineralocorticoid hormones, and sex hormones |
|
|
Term
| What 7 hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary? Posterior (2)? |
|
Definition
| Growth hormone (GH), Prolactin, Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and Oxytocin and ADH |
|
|
Term
| What trimester is the embryonic period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What trimester is the fetal period where tissues, organs, and systems develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What trimester is the fetal growth period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 cat core vaccines? |
|
Definition
| Feline rabies, Feline panleukopenia (feline distemper), Feline calicivirus, and feline viral rhinotracheitis (herpes) |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity targets a specific antigen, and arises from B and T lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity are T-lymphs directly attacking antigens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is B-lymphs that produce antibodies to react to antigen? |
|
Definition
| Antibody-mediated immunity (Humoral) |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity arises when an animal recieves antobodies from another animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity arises when an animal receives an antigen that activates B and T lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which vaccine, is a gene or part of a microorganism removed from one microorganism to another? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of vaccine are produced for a specific disease in a specific area from a sick animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What canine disease is transmitted by aerosolization, is highly contagious, and can cause nasal and ocular discharge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What canine disease can survive years in the environment, invades rapidly dividing cells, is hardy, and can cause bloody diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What feline disease is a highly contagious upper respiratory disease, is transmissed by aerosolization, and the virus can be shed up to 3 weeks after infection? |
|
Definition
| Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis |
|
|
Term
| What feline disease is highly contagious, can cause ulcerative stomatitis, is resistant, and transmission is via direct contact with infected cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What feline disease is similar to canine parvo, can remain in the environment for years, and has an incubation of 4-5 days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of drain does discharge escape by moving along the outside of the drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of drain uses suction to pull discharge through the lumen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Rhipicephalus sanguineus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maternal antibody (transplancental)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attracts WBC's by dilating blood vessels so it's easier for WBC's to get there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What chemical substance that messes with with a viruses ability to reproduce/replicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme binds to an invader's cell wall, by poking holes and causing lysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the treatment for Hemolytic anemia? |
|
Definition
| Steroids to suppress immune system |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Babesia anemias? |
|
Definition
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick) |
|
|
Term
| What tick-borne disease causes platelet consumption, RBC destruction, bone marrow suppression, and aplastic anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common inherited hemostasis disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should you not crush a cuterebra inside a patient? |
|
Definition
| Could cause anaphylactic reaction |
|
|
Term
| What's a non-contagious mite, "Red Mange," and cigar shaped? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's an infestation of maggots called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 joints are most commonly affected by osteochondrosis dessicans? |
|
Definition
| Shoulder, elbows, knee (stifle), ankle (hock) |
|
|
Term
| What is the wrap around front leg sling? Ehmer is back leg sling. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 ticks are involved in tick paralysis? |
|
Definition
| Common dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and Rocky Mountain Wood tick (Dermacentor variabilis) |
|
|
Term
| What grub is laid by flies in soil, penetrates host's skin, and leaves as an adult fly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can ringworm be infective from shedded hair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Mites are a normal inhabitant of skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a transverse fracture? |
|
Definition
| Straight across shaft of bone |
|
|
Term
| What's a comminuted fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What a segmental fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What an avulsed fracture? |
|
Definition
| Break on distal bone bottom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lump in middle of bone from being compressed hard |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 layers of the eye (superficial to deepest)? |
|
Definition
| Epithelium, stroma, descendman's membrane. and endothelium |
|
|
Term
| Acute glaucoma has what tonometer reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic glaucoma has what tonometer reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease causes corneal vascularization and infiltration of granulation tissue in the eye and is immune-mediated and affects animals at >5000 ft. elevation? |
|
Definition
| Pannus (Chronic Superficial Keratitis) |
|
|
Term
| What cat issue has an acute onset of rear leg pain & paresis, cold-bluish foot pads, and lack of palpable rear limb pulses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the bacteria located that can cause chronic mitral valve insufficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's an extremely contagious feline herpes virus? |
|
Definition
| Feline viral rhinotracheitis |
|
|
Term
| What's a hardy, highly contagious, feline virus know for having clinical signs of oral ulcers, pneumonia, and diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease displays these symptoms?: Anorexia, depression, fever greater than 103F, cough, dyspnea, ocular, and nasal discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhalation via soil or from bird or bat droppings is the most common route of exposure to what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a build-up of toxins in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I or II diabetes: Insulin-dependent diabetes that affects 100% of dogs and 50% of cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What canine disease is known as "blue eye"? |
|
Definition
| Infectious canine hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| [30 x BW(kg)+70]x 1.5 = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a bacterial,zoonotic, and abortion-causing condition? |
|
Definition
| Brucellosis aka Bang's disease |
|
|
Term
| How often do canine's cycle into heat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often do felines cycle into heat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what 2 species are breech births normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the heat cycle in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is gestation in dogs and cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tick transmits ehrlichiosis? |
|
Definition
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick) |
|
|
Term
| What tick transmits lyme disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rabies symptoms occur how long after being bitten? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Panleukopenia caused by a parvovirus is what feline disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is known as hardpad disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes intestinal sloughing of the inner lining of intestines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed from what glucose reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the avg. between systolic and diastolic pressure? |
|
Definition
| Mean arterial pressure (MAP) |
|
|
Term
| What 3 factors affect blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| Blood volume, cardiac output, and vascular resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 conditions should blood pressure always be measured? |
|
Definition
| Hyperthyroidism, renal disease, and heart disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation |
|
|
Term
| What type of blood pressure monitoring isn't used often, is usually on anesthetized patient, and is the most accurate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What indirect blood pressure method can measure systolic, diastolic, and MAP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood pressure method can only measure systolic pressure and is the most common/afforadable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can too large of a cuff cause in BP measures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can too small of a cuff cause in BP measures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What formula?: cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) |
|
Definition
| Mean arterial pressure (MAP) |
|
|
Term
| What formula?: stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)= |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What formula?: SV x HR x TPR= |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the volume of blood ejected from the heart with each beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal systolic range of BP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal MAP for BP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What BP value represents hypertension? |
|
Definition
| Greater than 175 mm Hg systolic |
|
|
Term
| 93% of dogs and 61% of cats blame this disease for high blood pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cushing's disease and diabetes mellitus cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 2 problems that result from high blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| Vessel bleeding and increased risk of embolism |
|
|
Term
| What 2 organs are especially at risk with hypertension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ possesses special areas for detecting BP changes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the renin-angiotensin system. |
|
Definition
| Low BP causes kidneys to release renin. Liver produces angiotensin. When they meet it activates a rxn that produces angiotensin I. Angiotensin I travels to lungs where an enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II reroutes blood to life preserving organs (which gives more blood to the ♥ and more blood to pump forward), and is the strongest vasoconstricter in the body. |
|
|
Term
| What part of a soap is the presenting complaint, owner info., observed not measured, vx status, diet, and current medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of a soap is the meds included per order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can puppies/kittens regulate their body temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the body temp. of neonates at birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F The best way to check for neonate dehydration is skin turgor. |
|
Definition
| False, they don't have skin turgur, check mm color |
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development do they sleep 80% of the time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development do they nurse vigorously for a short period of time (q 2-4 hours)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development can they crawl,suckle, and make distress sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development is the temp up to 100.1 degrees? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should a neonate's umbilical cord fall off? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development does the body temp. rise to adult levels and they can regulate it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development should the birth weight be doubled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development do they open their eyes and open their ears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development can they stand and have good postural reflexes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F You should rewarm hypothermic neonates quickly to stabilize them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What neonate concern involves competing blood types that can cause death within 2 days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do 27/kg/day, 32-36/kg/day, 36-41kg/day, and 41-45/kg/day represent? |
|
Definition
| Weekly caloric requirements for neonates |
|
|
Term
| What neonate concern has signs of anorexia, lethargy, emaciation, and death? |
|
Definition
| Fading puppy/kitten syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What type of wound are partial thickness wounds of the epidermis with exposure to the deep dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound are sharply incised edges with minimal tissue trauma, and the tissue can be torn away? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of healing do wounds bleed to clean, vasoconstriction, fibrinogen circulation in blood, changes to fibrin, lasts about 4-6 hrs; blood clot and scab forms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of wound healing is 6 hrs after injury and WBCs leak into wound to remove necrotic and foreign material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of wound healing is 8-10 days after wounded, healing begins, laying down of fibroblasts & collagen, cells start to build skin and muscle cells and granulation occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of wound healing is the last phase, changes in collagen scar tissue shrinking of collagen makes scar less noticeable; tissue is never quite as strong.W |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of tissue injury? |
|
Definition
| Partial thickness and full thickness |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 physical stages of healing? |
|
Definition
1. Infammatory phase
2. Debridement phase
3. Repair
4. Maturation phase |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers to a bandage? |
|
Definition
1. Contact layer
2. Conforming padded layer
3. Holding and protective layer |
|
|
Term
| When would you want to apply a dry to dry dressing? |
|
Definition
| If loose or necrotic tissue or foreign matter are present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're the 4 types of wounds? |
|
Definition
| Clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, and dirty |
|
|
Term
| How often should a splint/cast be checked the first day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should robert jones bandages not be used? |
|
Definition
| Humeral or femoral fractures, because the humerus and femur would receive poor support and protection. |
|
|
Term
| How much overlap should there be when applying a bandage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How thick should the cotton padding be used on a Robert jones bandage? |
|
Definition
| 2”-2 ½” times the diameter of the leg |
|
|
Term
| Where are 3 places for the BP cuff? |
|
Definition
| Metatarsal, metacarpal, and dorsal piedal artery |
|
|
Term
| What's the BP cuff formula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is primary closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is non-close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is delayed primary closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is secondary closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is the wound left open because of infection and is delayed by healing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What delayed primary closure wound healing is closed after 3-5 days debridement and cleaning, but before granulation tissue forms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of secondary wound healing is a safe method for repair of dirty, contaminated, or infected wounds with extensive tissue damage, it allows for management of infection or necrosis before closure, and surgeon debrides damaged tissue before closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are surgical incisions, aseptic, and wounds aren't predisposed to infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are elective surgery in tissue with resident flora, aseptic surgical techniques, and no spillage of organ contents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are fresh traumatic injuries (open fractures/penetrating wound), presence of infected urine/bile, and there are microorganisms in the wound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are heavily contaminated/infected, perforated viscera, abscesses, or foreign material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're the 4 types of primary layers? |
|
Definition
| Adherent, non-adherent, semi-occlusive, and occlusive |
|
|
Term
| What bandages are used for road rash? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 2 advantages of a wet primary layer |
|
Definition
| Increased absorption speed and more comfortable removal |
|
|
Term
| What should start forming under a non-adherent primary layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 3 types of splints? |
|
Definition
| (Mod.) Robert Jones, chest or abdominal bandages, and distal limb splints |
|
|
Term
| What're 5 types of slings? |
|
Definition
| Ehmer, velpeau, 90-90 flexion sling, carpal flexion sling, and hobbles |
|
|
Term
| What % of body surface burn is rarely survivable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much can metabolic requirements increase in burn patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wounds produce massive amounts of exudates and must be managed as open wounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are small skin openings with extensive deep tissue damage and foreign material are deep in the wound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What result of compression of soft tissue and skin between bony prominence and the surface the animal is lying on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low oxygen at tissue level |
|
|
Term
| What're 3 things that can cause hypoxia? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and shock |
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of room air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a mask? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a nasal canula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a hood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a endotracheal tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the partial pressure of oxygen symbol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the PaO2 of an intubated patient with the cuff blown be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of body wt. is water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of body wt. is intracellular fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of body wt. is extracellular fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of ECF is interstitial fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are inevitable (insensible) losses |
|
Definition
| Not measureable: RR, Sweating, milk production |
|
|
Term
| What % of dehydration is not detectable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of dehydration is the subtle loss of skin elasticity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of dehydration is there a delay of skin tent, prolonged CRT, possibly sunken eyes, possibly dry MM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a result of cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the best way to treat ducubital ulcers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the universal blood donor in a dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sterile water has what tonicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saline and LRS are what type of fluid tonicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the principal cation in ECF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should irritating or hypertonic medications be given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the unit of measure for capnographs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between a main stream and a side stream capnograph? |
|
Definition
| Mainstream capnographs have the infared light sensor right by where the patient is exhaling. Sidestream capnographs have a tube that connects where the CO2 is being exhaled and the light source. The 2 things are further apart |
|
|
Term
| What a normal range on the capnograph for a normal awake patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can throw off a capnograph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the abbreviation for capnograph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's an advantage of capnographs? |
|
Definition
| Can detect changes faster than a SpO2 |
|
|
Term
| What's the first layer of bandage and what's its function? |
|
Definition
| Primary layer (contact layer), provides debridement, and can prevent fluid loss |
|
|
Term
| What's the second layer of bandage and what's its function? |
|
Definition
| Secondary layer (padded layer), insulation, and comfort for the animal |
|
|
Term
| What's the third layer of bandage and what's its function? |
|
Definition
| Tertiary layer (holding and protecting layer), holds bandage in place, prevents bending of limb, and protects wound for further damage |
|
|
Term
| What % dehydration does the skin remain tented, very prolonged CRT, sunken eye, dry MM, and shock symptoms (tachycardia, cool extremities, rapid weak pulse) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of dehydration is there obvious signs of shock and death is imminent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the emergency fluid therapy fluid rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the formula for daily fluid replacement? |
|
Definition
| % dehydration x body weight (kg) x 10 |
|
|
Term
| What's the maintenance fluid requirement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the replacement volume?: 10 kg. dog is 5% dehydrated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What route of fluid administration should be used for mild dehydration, use isotonic fluids, and absorbtion takes 6-8 hours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What route of fluid administration is good for small/young patients, when IV access isn't available, and must use a aseptic technique? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tonicity of fluid causes swelling and 0.45% saline is an example? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tonicity of fluid is good for head trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tonicity of fluid causes shrinkage, cells are seen as crenated, and 7% saline is an example? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are crystalloids aka? |
|
Definition
| Isotonic electrolyte solutions |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common types of fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is 0.9% saline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is D5W (5% Dextrose & water)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is Normosol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are solutions contain protein or starch molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid should you give to patients with cerebral or pulmonary edema and hypoproteinemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is Dextran 70? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is Pentastarch and Hetastarch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common electrolyte imbalance? |
|
Definition
| Hypokalemia (K deficiency, ALWAYS DILUTE) |
|
|
Term
| What age range and weight must blood donor dogs be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much blood can dogs donate every 4-5 weeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is blood drawn for donations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of crossmatch does the RBC donor matchwith serum from recipient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of crossmatch does the RBC recipient match up with the serum from the donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the cat blood typing system? |
|
Definition
| AB system (no universal blood type) |
|
|
Term
| What blood type are most cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Most Maine Coons are type B blood and there's AB types? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the age and weight requirements for cat blood donors? |
|
Definition
| Less than 8 years and more than 10lbs |
|
|
Term
| How much blood can cats donate every 4-5 weeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you give if a patient had Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and clotting deficiencies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you give a patient hemolytic anemia and non-regenerative anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Crossmatching is very important for oxyglobin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of plasma ONLY has protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you give if a patient had shock, burn patients, hypoproteinemia, pancreatitis, sepsis, and liver toxicities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of catheter do you use for jugular catheters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the delivery rate of adult fluid administration sets usually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the drip rate formula? |
|
Definition
| volume of solution (ml) x drop/mL / time (sec) |
|
|
Term
| Sugar moving through a solution until even concentration throughout the solution is an example of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 clotting cascade pathways? |
|
Definition
| Intrinsic, extrinsic, and common |
|
|
Term
| What clotting cascade pathway is acticated only by components found in blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clotting cascade pathway is activated by tissue factor and the common pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clotting cascade pathway combines 2 pathways with fibrin to form a clot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hemostatis tests detects secondary bleeding disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a d-Dimers test evaluate? |
|
Definition
| The final stage of the clotting process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 places are transcellular fluid located? |
|
Definition
| Synovial joints, eye chambers, cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
| What's the most common cation in ICF? |
|
Definition
|
|
