Term
| What is the principle function of the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
| Generate an appropriate amount of intravascular pressure to ensure tissue perfusion |
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Term
| The measurement of force applied to artery walls: |
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Definition
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Term
| Indicates the driving force for tissue blood flow and refers only to arterial blood pressure: |
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Definition
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Term
| This has the strongest correlation with body fluid volume and allows us to access how well blood is returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to receive and pump blood: |
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Definition
Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
Remember: We can measure the pressure of this within the vein |
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Term
| Organ perfusion may be inadequate and is usually due to anesthesia, drugs, toxins, various forms of shock (hemorrhage). |
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Definition
Hypotension
(Blood Pressure that falls too low) |
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Term
| Organs can be over perfused or undergo barotrauma. Usually due to kidney disease, hyperthyroidism or possibly other types of metabolic changes: |
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Definition
Hypertension
(Blood pressure that rises to high) |
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Term
| Sensory nerve trauma that stimulates pressure change |
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Definition
Barotrauma
(Note: Seen with Hypertension) |
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Term
| These must also be considered when evaluating a patients blood pressure: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a high risk BP that needs intervention by administration of necessary drugs or antihypertensive agents |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a moderate risk BP where intervemtion should be considered and there is a risk og organ injury and monitoring shoukd be done |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a BP with moderate risk with reduced organ perfussion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the BP that is high risk which mandates intervention and requires administration of IV fluids and or reducing anesthetic agents? |
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Definition
70/40 mm Hg
Remember: Death will occur if action is not taken |
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Term
| What is the normal systolic blood pressure for dogs and cats ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal diastolic blood pressure for dogs and cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal Mean Arterial Pressure when a patient is awake and anesthetized? |
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Definition
Awake: 85-120 mm Hg
Anesthetized: 70-90 mm Hg |
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Term
| This is the average pressure through the cardiac cycle which is the most important during anesthesia and the best indicator of blood perfussion |
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Definition
Mean Arterial Pressure
(MAP)
Note: Diastolic pressure + (systolic pressure- diastolic pressure)/3 |
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Term
| What two ways can blood pressure be measured? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of direct measurement of blood pressure? |
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Definition
| Placement of an indwelling catheter |
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Term
| What is an example of indirect measurement of blood pressure? |
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Definition
- Auscultatory
- Ultrasonic Doppler
- Oscillometric
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Term
| Pressure is measured with either: |
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Definition
- Manometer
- Pressure tranducter
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Term
| This detects blood flow as a change in frequency of reflected sound due to motion of red blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
| When using the doppler where should the probe be positioned? |
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Definition
| Distal to the cuff on the same limb |
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Term
| Dopplers are more reliable for measurements of: |
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Definition
Systolic Blood Pressure
Remember: They may be able to obtaina diastolic even though it is uncommon unless experienced |
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Term
| This instruement detects pressure fluctuations in the occluding cuff resulting from the pressure pulse |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an oscillometric measure? |
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Definition
| Systolic, Diastolic and mean Blood pressure, as well as a pulse rate |
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Term
| What are some sites that pressure measurement can be obtained? |
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Definition
- Brachial Arteries
- Median Arteries
- Cranial Tibia Arteries
- Medial Coccygeal Arteries
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Term
| What is the best postion to place a patient in for obtaining a blood pressure? |
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Definition
| Which ever the patient is comfortable in |
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Term
| At what level should that patient be cuffed at? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you want to remember when placing the cuff above or below heart level? |
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Definition
| For every 2 cm above or below + or - 1mm Hg respectively |
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Term
| Ideally the cuff size should be how much limb circumference? |
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Definition
| 40% of limb circumference |
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Term
| What should be constant when measuring blood pressure? |
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Definition
- The position
- Technique
- Vet Tech performing
- Equipment
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Term
| How many consistent readings should be obtained before discarding the highest and lowest readings to achieve an average? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much should be added to the reading of systolic blood pressure on cats for accuracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some anxiety induced artifacts? |
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Definition
- Visit to veterinary Clinic
- Restraint
- Noises
- Odors
- Any other unusual stimuli
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Term
| Ideally how long do you want a patient to acclimate to its surroundings before doing a blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| What equipment is needed when measuring blood pressure through centrous venous pressure? |
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Definition
- Sterile Bag or Bottle of Fluids or syringe of normal saline
- Fluid administration set attached to fluids
- IV extension set
- Manometer
- Stopcock
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Term
| When the white knob on a stopcock is pointed in a certain direction that position is considered off or on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal for CVP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Values of 8-10 cm of H2O read on a manometer during a CVP can indicate: |
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Definition
- Increased invascular volume
- Suspected volume overload
- Fluid therapy should be slowed or stopped
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Term
| Values greater than 10 cm of H2O are read on a manometer during a CVP what can this indicate? |
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Definition
- Venous Congestion
- Increased Thoracic Pressure
- Volume Overload
- Fluid Therapy Should Be Stopped
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