Term
| What are the main functions of the heart and lungs? |
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Definition
- Deliver oxygen to the heart
- Remove CO2 from the body
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Term
| What are the driving forces that controls heart and respiratory rates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common symptoms for cardiac disease? |
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Definition
- Exercise intolerance
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Weakness
- Syncope
- Blue mucous membranes
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Term
| What are some causes of cardiac disease? |
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Definition
- Vascular (Blood clots or emboli)
- Idiopathic
- Trauma
- Auto-immune (rare)
- Metabolic diseases (Hyperthyroidism, hypertension (renal disease))
- Infectious disease
- Neoplasia (Hemangiosarcoma)
- Developmental (Congenital/enetic-most common)
- Diet (Taurine deficiency)
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Term
| Which cardiac disease diagnosis is the most valued? |
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Definition
| Ultrasound (echocardiogram) |
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Term
| What are the normal heart rate for dogs and cats? |
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Definition
Dogs: 60-180 bpm
Cats- 140-220 bpm |
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Term
| What are the normal ranges for respiration in dogs and cats? |
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Definition
Dog: 10-30 rpm
Cats: 24-42 rpm |
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Term
| When referring to the lung sound "wheezes" this commonly indicates: |
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Definition
| Inflammation, narrowing of airways (athmatic) |
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Term
| When referring to the lung sound "Crackles" this commonly indicates: |
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Definition
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Term
| When hearing a muffled lung sound you presume: |
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Definition
| Fluid or mass accumulation |
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Term
| Murmur's a graded on a scale of: |
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Definition
I-VI
(Softest to Loudest) |
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Term
| What is the most common location and timing for a murmur? |
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Definition
| Left side; systolic(contraction) |
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Term
| Seen in a grade 5 or 6 this is a vibration from the murmur: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which grade murmur is heard with a stethoscope off the chest and has a palpable thrill? |
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Definition
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Term
| This form of monitoing records ECG continuously and is used as a diagnostic tool. |
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Definition
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Term
| This form of cardiac disease is less common and s treated with nitroglycerin paste, furosemide and keeping the animal quiet. Remember, oxygen never hurts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic cardiac disease treatment can include: |
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Definition
- Diet- taurine as needed, low sodium diets
- Furosemide or spironolactone
- Enalapril
- Digoxin
- Pimobendin
- Antiarrhythmic drugs prn
- Surgery- ballons, stents, mesh
- Blood Pressure medication
- Rest
- Thoracocentesis or abdominocentesis
- Antibiotics
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Term
| This drug slows the heart rate, increases contractility and has a narrow margin of safety which is why we want to check levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| A new drug that increases contractility, vasodilation and is safer than digoxin. |
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Definition
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Term
| An ACE inhibtor that is a vasodilator and is given daily or twice a day for chronic cardiac disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug decreases the afterload of the heart so it does not have to pump as hard. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the most common failure and signs relate to fluid build up in respiratory system. Examples: Pulmonary edema, cough, dyspnea. |
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Definition
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Term
| This failure has signs related to fluid build up in the body like ascites or pitting edema. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tapered head with coiling motion and straight tail. Commonly confused with reconditum. |
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Definition
Heartworm Disease
Aka: Dirofilaria immitis |
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Term
| Adult heartworm reside mainly in these sights in the heart. |
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Definition
| Right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
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Term
| What are some things used for diagnosis of heart worm in dogs? |
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Definition
- Antigen Test
- Smears
- Concentration techniques: Modified knots filters
- CBC, chemistry, radiograph,ultrasound
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Term
| What drugs can be used for treament in dogs for heartworm disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What heartworm preventative is injectable and lasts for 6 months? |
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Definition
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Term
| A mitral insufficiency or prolapse(most common) that is treated with lasix and enalapril. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnosed by ultrasound and treated with a balloon catheter this is aortic or pulmonic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle streches-thin and weak- dilated chambers that cannot pump-decrease in cardicac output |
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Definition
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Term
| Thickening of heart muscle-narrow chambers-lack of filling during diastole-decrease in cardiac output |
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Definition
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| This drug increases cardiac output and is used in treatment of DCM. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diltiazem, asprin and lasix can be used to treat: |
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Definition
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Term
| Less common than HCM or DCM this occurs when the pericardium constricts heart from pumping |
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Definition
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Term
| An example of RCM is harware disease which is: |
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Definition
| a foreign body ingestion (metalic) in cattle |
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Term
| This usually occurs in 10-20% of cats with HCM |
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Definition
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Term
| Left to right shunt, right sided failure common in cats |
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Definition
ASD
(Atrial Septal Defects) |
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Term
| Common in large breed dogs diagnosed by a barium study and treated wiht surgery this is a congenital/genetic defect caused by the vascular arch constricting the esophagus |
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Definition
PRAA
Persistant Right Aortic Arch |
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Term
| The most common clincial sign of PRAA: |
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Definition
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Term
| This causes a continuous murmur that is still present during systole and diastole and occurs because the shunt from the pulmpnary artery to the aorta never closed. |
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Definition
PDA
(Patent Ductus Arteriosis) |
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Term
True or False
ECG always reflect a heart beat. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some causes of arrhythmias: |
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Definition
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Drugs and toxins
- Disruption of electrical system-ischemia, cardiomyopathy
- Changes in vaginal tone, metabloic disease, fear, anemia
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Term
| When listening to the lungs you hear crakcles this can indicate: |
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Definition
Edema, pneumonia
(Fluid in the lungs) |
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Term
| When listening to the lungs you hear this wheezing this can indicate: |
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Definition
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Term
| When listening to the lungs you hear muffled sounds this can indicate: |
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Definition
| Fluid or mass around the heart or lungs |
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Term
| What are some diagnostic test that can be done to determine what is worng with the lungs? |
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Definition
- Radiograph
- Ultrasound
- Tracheal wash
- Bloodwork
- Bronchoscopy, biopsy
- Fecal exam
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Term
| This drug is an opiod but can be used as an antitussive: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some common lower airway disease in dogs? |
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Definition
- Collapsing trachea (common in yorkies)
- Infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease, neoplasia
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Term
| WHat are common airwayd disease in cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| Build of fluid in pleural space this is often secondary to right sided heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thoracocentesis is a diagnosis/ treatment for: |
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Definition
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