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VTI: Chapter 7 Film Processing
Radiography 1 Chapter 7 pages 73-88 Remember: To review Chapter 5
34
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
04/04/2011

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Term
Chemicals that increase the pH of the developer and subsequently increase the rate of developing.
Definition
Accelerators
Term
Compounds that accelerate the fixing process and neutralize the alkaline developer.
Definition
Acidifiers
Term
Compunds in the fixer that maintain proper solution pH.
Definition
Buffers
Term
Also called fixing agents; a portion of the fixer that dissolves and removes the unexposed silver halide crystals from the film emulsion.
Definition
Clearing agents
Term
A chemical solution that converts the latent image on a film to a visible image by converting the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver.
Definition
Developer
Term
Chemical solution used to convert a latent image on x-ray film to visible image.
Definition
Developing agents
Term
The process by which the unexposed silver halide crystals are removed from the film and the gelatib is hardened.
Definition
Fixation
Term
The chemical solution used during fixation
Definition
Fixer
Term
Chemicals added to the fixing solution or to developers in automatic processors to prevent excessive emulsion swelling.
Definition
Hardeners
Term
Chemicals that prevent rapid decomposition of the developer or fixer.
Definition
Preservatives
Term
Often potassium bromide and potassium iodide are used as _______or antifoggants. _____ limit the action of the developing agent to the exposed silver bromide crystals in the film.
Definition
Restrainers
Term
A darkroom artifact produced by variable chemical temperatures that cause irregular expansion and contraction of the film emulsion, resulting in a mottled density appearance.
Definition
Reticulation
Term
A solution (usually water) used to remove excess developer solution before the film is placed in the fix tank.
Definition
Rinse bath
Term
Water, dissolves the ingredients of the developer or fixer and diffuses the chemical into the emulsion of the film.
Definition
Solvent
Term
A solution of acetic acid and water used to "stop" the development of the x-ray film by rapidly neutralizing the alkaline developer solution.
Definition
Stop bath
Term
A dark red safe light filter is ideal because:
Definition
It protects both blue and green light sensitive film unlike brown safe light filters that only protect blue light sensitive film.
Term
What colors should the walls be in a dark room so it provides reflection from the safe light?
Definition
White or Cream colored
Term
What is the range of wattage the safe light bulb should be?
Definition
15 watts or less
Term
What information should be on the radiograph?
Definition
  • Name of hospital/vet
    • Address of hospital
  • Date
  • Patient name
    • Age, sex, breed
  • Owner's name
Term
How are lead digits used for id?
Definition
Lead digits are placed in a holder or taped to cassette and are exposed to radiation. The lead absorbs the radiation from the x-ray beam so film under is left transparent.
Term
What is the disadvantages of using lead digits?
Definition
  • Time consuming
  • Letters are eaily lost
  • Limits tight collimation
Term
How can lead impregnanted tape be used to label a radiograph?
Definition
The lead is displaced when written on leaving indentations and then is adhered to the cassette and exposed during the radiographic procedure leaving markings.
Term
What equipment is needed for the photo-imprinting label system?
Definition
  • Lead blocker 3x7cm
  • Photo-imprinter machine
  • Identification card
Term
What are the left and right markers used for?
Definition
To identify right or left limbs or to identify left or right side of the thorax or abdomen.
Term
Describe what is on the dry side of the dark room?
Definition
This is where the film bin is located and the cassettes are loaded and unloaded. Dry channel and clip hangers are also located on this side so film can be attached before going to the wet side for processing.
Term
Describe the ideal darkroom:
Definition
  • 6x8 feet
  • Clean
  • Organized
  • Lightproof
  • Cool with low humidity
Term
Describe the wet side of the dark room?
Definition
The three tanks are located in this area for film processing. Drying and viewing screens are also on this side of the room.
Term
Automated processing procedures take about 90 seconds how long does manual processing take.
Definition
Approximately 1 hour
Term
After the film has been in the developer it will retain approximately how many milliliters of solution?
Definition
60 ml
Term
Developing agents should be kept at what temperature?
Definition
68°F
Term
When is the wash tank used during manual developing?
Definition
The wash tank is used after fixing for 20 to 30 minutes.
Term
The radiograph is developed for 5 minutes and takes double the amount of time to fix(10 minutes). When can the film be briefly viewed during the fixing process.
Definition

After the film has been in fix for 1 minute.

(page. 82)

Term
After developing has transpired for 5 minutes how long should a rinse bath been done for before placing the film in the fix tank.
Definition
30 seconds
Term
If a direct safe light is pointed directly at the work area an indirect safe light would be directed towards____.
Definition

The Ceiling

 

Remember: The distance of the safe light should be no closer than 4 feet from the working area.

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