Term
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Definition
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Term
| What class do avians fall under? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two orders are commonly kept as pets? |
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Definition
| Psittaciformes and Passeriformes |
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Term
Name 7 orders and their examples (discussed in class) out of the 27 known:
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Definition
- Psittaformes (Psittacines)-Budgie, Macaw
- Passeriformes(Songbirds)-Canaries, Finch
- Anseriformes(Waterfowl)-Ducks, Geese
- Ciconiformes(Waterbirds)-Flamingo, Crane, Heron
- Falconiformes (Raptors)-Eagles, Hawks
- Galliformes (Fowl)-Chicken, Turkey
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Term
| What avian is probably the easiest to handle? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Passerines (Canaries and Finches) are known not to be tolerant of handling |
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Definition
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Term
| All avians produce eggs this is called: |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Most birds have adaptations for flight |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| These feathers orginate from the radius and ulna: |
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Definition
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Term
| These feathers produce powder down and help with insulation: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between pterylae and apterylae? |
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Definition
| Pterylae is feathered tracts and apterylae has featherless tracts. |
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Term
| AKA the wing web that aids in flexability and aerodynamics: |
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Definition
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Term
| Avians have thin skin making it difficult to suture them which why this type of suture is needed: |
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Definition
| Small suture (4-0 or 5-0) |
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Term
| This is also known as the preen/oil gland and is located at the base of the tail: |
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Definition
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Term
| The preferred muscle for injections it is located along the sternum and provides attachment of the pectoral muscles: |
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Definition
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Term
| Proximal bones that are air-filled whoch connect to the respiratory tract to help lighten the weight of the skeleton: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bones are examples of pneumatic bones? |
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Definition
- Femur
- Humerus
- Some Vertebrae
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Term
True or False
The ulna has a longer diameter than the radius. |
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Definition
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Term
| Shunting of blood from the caudal half of the animal to the kidneys prior to reaching the liver and the heart is: |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chamber of the heart do avians have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary nitrogenous waste products in avians? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Avians have a bladder and urethra |
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Definition
False
Remember: The ureters empty into the cloaca which is the common emptying chamber for GI |
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Term
| Which sense is highly developed in avians? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eyes make up what percent of a bird's body weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| The iris is made up of what? |
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Definition
| Voluntary striated muscle |
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Term
| What bones support the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would a technician not want to have the cuff inflated when using an endotracheal tube? |
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Definition
| Avians have a large trachea with complete rings and if a cuff is inflated it can result in tracheal necrosis |
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Term
| Sound producing structure just cranial to bufurcation of trachea: |
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Definition
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Term
| How many air sacs are present in the majority of avians? |
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Definition
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Term
| This must move in and out to compensate for the lack of a diaphragm: |
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Definition
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Term
| A V-shaped opening on the roof of the mouth lined with papillae which communicates with the nasal passageways: |
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Definition
Choanal Slit
Note: A culture of this site can help in the detection of upper respiratory pathogens |
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Term
True or False
The digestive system varies with species |
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Definition
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Term
| Avians do not have a diaphragm to differentiate between the cavites instead they have a common one called the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The true glandular stomach: |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
The Esophagus is greatly expanded in some avians to form the crop which stores food. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is also known as the gizzard: |
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Definition
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Term
| The feces of parrots contain what gram microbe? |
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Definition
Gram Positive Microbes
Note: A Cloacal culture may revea the prescence of GI pathogens this does not conclude that gram negative indicates disease. |
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Term
True or False
It is not normal for some avian species to regurgitate pellets formed by the gizzard. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are normal avian droppings called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Female avians usually have only a functional left ovary, not all females lay eggs and some may do this excessively. Are females homogamete or heterogamete? |
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Definition
Heterogamete ZW
Remember: Males are Homogamete ZZ |
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Term
| What is the average incubation temperature for a clutch? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what tube should avian blood be collected in? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Birds do not have platelets, they have thrombocytes only. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals have neutrophils, avians have ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Instead of having RBCs similar to mammalians they are similar to reptilaians which can be generally described as: |
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Definition
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Term
| When restraining any avian you should take into to consideration to avoid having this from happening: |
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Definition
| Applying to much pressure ot the sternum restricting sternal movement cutting off their air supply |
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Term
| Seed diets provide poor nutrition and pelleted food are recommended but offering ____ diets is the key to overall complete nutrition. |
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Definition
Diverse diets
Remember: Fresh Water should always be offered |
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Term
| Which anesthetic inhalant is the inhalant of choice for anesthesia in avians? |
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Definition
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Term
| The "tail bob" is indicative of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When handling waterbirds it is important you wear these: |
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Definition
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Term
| This instrument aids in restraining avians: |
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Definition
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Term
| When retraining a bird for a wing trimming you want to grasp where? |
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Definition
| Grasp the wing at the carpal joint |
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Term
| This instrument is used for beak and nail trimmings: |
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Definition
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Term
| These two types of administration area preferred when administering medication: |
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Definition
- Oral (liquid)
- Injection (IM)
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Term
| This is the best way assess hydration in avians: |
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Definition
| Vein Refill Time (Basilic Vein) |
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Term
| This feather is an immature feather with prominent blood supply and appears darker at the shaft compared to other feathers: |
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Definition
Bood Feather
Remember: You do not want to clip these |
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Term
| Which site will give use the best yield when collecting blood? |
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Definition
| Right jugular vein because it is 2/3 larger than the left |
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Term
| Performed to diagnose infection of the lower GI tract: |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
The amount of blood that can be safely collected is 1% of the body weight. |
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Definition
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Term
| An egg failing to pass the oviduct at a normal rate can be determined with an x-ray and be treated with manual delivery or +/- hydration. What non-infectious disease is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fractures, dislocations, bite wounds, ceiling fan injuries and "bumble foot" are all examples of this non-infectious disease: |
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Definition
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Term
| Stress, improper molting, boredom and ectoparasites can all be causes of this non- infectious disease: |
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Definition
| Feather Plucking Syndrome |
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Term
| Excessive egg laying may lead to this: |
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Definition
| It may deplete the body of Calcium |
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Term
True or False
Vomiting and regurgitation may be normal behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two most common metal toxins that effect birds? |
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Definition
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Term
| This can occur due to a bird eating an all seed diet which can be noticed by a blunted choanal papillae: |
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Definition
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Term
| African Greys are predisposed to this and is often presented with seizures: |
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Definition
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Term
| Neonates are predisposed to this if gruel is given to them and it is too hot (>105°F) |
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Definition
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Term
| Excessive iron in the liver occurs commonly in toucans, mynahs and starlings is known as: |
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Definition
| Haemochromatosis (Iron storage Disease) |
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Term
| Uric acid desposition around the joints, pericardial sac and other visceral organs this is common in psttacines and treatment is unsuccessful: |
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Definition
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Term
| Can be mild to severe caused by perches not varying in diameter and poor husbandry, common in overweight birds: |
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Definition
| Bumblefoot "pododermatitis" |
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Term
| A reportable zoonotic disease also known as ornithosis it is diagnosed by blood work and has known to be associated with bright green droppings: |
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Definition
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Term
| In birds this is called air sacculitis and is caused bacterial or enivormental and can be treated wit O2(nebulizer): |
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Definition
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Term
| Caused by mycobacterium avium and has zoonotic potential and is diagnosed by acid fast test on feces or a biopsy: |
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Definition
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Term
| Papovavirus, cause causes papillomas to form in the digestive system and treated with removal |
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Definition
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Term
| H5N1 caused by orthomyxovirus clinical signs are respiratory |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common pox that is transmitted via the mosquito or through broken skin and its only treatment is supportive care because only some species hav vax available |
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Definition
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Term
| Caused by herpes virus and results in sudden death conures are resistant |
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Definition
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Term
| Polyomavirus that affects young birds and has no treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| Circovirus shed in feces and feather it causes beak and feather abnormalities |
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Definition
| Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease |
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Term
| Fungal infection casued by moldy food |
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Definition
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Term
| Contagious and fatal to all species of birds and has no specific clinical signs and is reportable |
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Definition
Exotic Newcastle Disease
"END" |
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Term
| This infectious disease is part of the Flaviviridae family |
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Definition
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Term
| Paralysis of nerves in the proventriculus cause the bird to not be able to digest food and the virus that causes this is unknown |
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Definition
| Proventricular Dilation Disease |
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