Term
| What are frank pathogens? |
|
Definition
| Normal hosts (survival depends on replication of the host) |
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Term
| What is it called when the baby drinks the colostrums? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is it called when antigens bind with antibodies and form insoluble complexes? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are nosocromial infections? |
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Definition
| Infection occurring during hospital stay |
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|
Term
| What are the most common places nosocromial infections attacks? |
|
Definition
Surgical Sites
UT
URT
Lower GI |
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Term
| What microorganism is the most resistant to disinfectants? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is community acquired? |
|
Definition
| Infection is incubating before hospital visit. May present signs during hospital stay. |
|
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Term
| What type of disease pathogens is not isolated? |
|
Definition
Zoonotic diseases including:
-Anthrax
-Systemic mycosis
-Plague |
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|
Term
| What does ELISA stand for? |
|
Definition
| Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay |
|
|
Term
| What is dark field microscopy? |
|
Definition
| Applies light to specimen at an oblique angle. Background is black |
|
|
Term
| What is bright field or light field microscopy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three shapes of bacteria and what are they called? |
|
Definition
-Round(Cocci)
-Bacilli(rods)
-Spiralkete(Spiral) |
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|
Term
| Name 2 traits of a pathogen. |
|
Definition
-Adhere to host
-Enter the host
-Avoid host defense mechanisms
-Multiply and spread in the host
-Damage the host |
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|
Term
| How long ago did bacteria emerge? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How do we prevent nosocromial infections? |
|
Definition
-Sterilization of equipment, kennels, and surfaces after use-Isolation
-Proper use of antibiotic drugs
-Hand washing
-Trash disposal
-Housekeeping
-Immunization programs(viral) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common pathogen in a hospital that causes nosocrmical infections with low/ limited usage of antibiotics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whaat is it called when there is a rearrangement of genes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in a single base pair |
|
|
Term
| What test is used to diagnose leptosperosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three factors affecting disinfection |
|
Definition
-Concentration of chemicals
-Length of exposure to chemical
-Amount of organic material-Type and condition of material
-Ambient temperature
-Nature and number of contaminating microorganism |
|
|
Term
| Who must we be in compliance with decontamination responsibilities? |
|
Definition
-OSHA
-EPA
-State regulations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Proteins that react with antigen/ antibody complexes. |
|
|
Term
| What stain is used to determine the bacterial cell wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example for aerobic bacteria transport system |
|
Definition
| Amies transport medium with charcoal. |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to collect anaerobic bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best time to set up cultures? |
|
Definition
| Before antibiotics are given. |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal in specimen collection? |
|
Definition
| To get a specimen that best represents the disease process. |
|
|
Term
| What is gene amplification? |
|
Definition
| Making millions of copies of DNA and RNA |
|
|
Term
| What is the traditional approach to agent identification? |
|
Definition
| Isolate culture-Identify the isolated organisms |
|
|
Term
| True or False, The traditional approach is always the best. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Talking about challenges of entering the host: When crossing the skin it is difficult for ________ easy for __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are opportunistic pathogens? |
|
Definition
| hosts with compromised immune systems. Once immune system is suppressed they strike. |
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|
Term
| When you are processing a sample,, what should be considered during evaluation? |
|
Definition
| Source of the specimen-Species of patient-Clinical history |
|
|
Term
| Direct microscopic examinations provide information about what? |
|
Definition
-Types of microorganisms
-Number of microorganisms
-Type of host inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| What other stains can be used to see cell morphology besides Gram stains? |
|
Definition
-New methylene blue
-Wrights stain
-Giesma |
|
|
Term
| What is failure of passive transfer? |
|
Definition
| increased morbidity and mortality from bacteremia and other common disease. Mother’s antibodies were not passed in colostrum. |
|
|
Term
| What is rapid latex agglutination used for? |
|
Definition
| Used to detect bacterial or fungal antigens. |
|
|
Term
| What are the least resistant bacteria to disinfectants? |
|
Definition
| vegetative bacterial cells |
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