Term
|
Definition
| species, sex, age, and genetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| environment parameters (temperature, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quality and quantity of food and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgery, restraint, and drug effects |
|
|
Term
| The primary goal of research is to what? |
|
Definition
| to improve human beings knowledge of anatomy, physiology, disease process and methods to control and treat diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concerned with advancing fundamental knowledge of life processes and disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using existing knowledge for solving a specific problem; often use animal models |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| builds on the knowledge gained in basic and applied research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clinical trials on a group of human volunteers before approving the medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is designed and guided by the initial question to be answered problem that needs to be solved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a theory basaed on current knowledge that may answer the question or make a solution to the problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groupe wheres the variable is manipulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no manipulation of the variable |
|
|
Term
| If the research used animal models, the design must be submitted to and approved by who? |
|
Definition
| the IACUC (Instiutional Care and Use Committee) |
|
|
Term
| Pricipal INvestigator (PI) |
|
Definition
| scientis often with an advanced degree develops hypothesis, plans experimental design, complies and interperetes data collected |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory Animals Technicians (LAT)Laboratory Animal Technologist (LATG)and Assistant Laboratory Animal Technologist |
|
Definition
| daily care, ensure all environmental variables are controlled, may also function as research technicians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for operation of facility, including staff supervision and recod maintenance |
|
|
Term
| American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) |
|
Definition
| formed in 1950, develops drequirements for LAts, LATGs, ALATs |
|
|
Term
| American Society of Laboratory Animals Practitioners (ASLAP) |
|
Definition
| group of veterinarians with special inteterest is labortroy animals medicine |
|
|
Term
| Animals Welfare Act (AWA) |
|
Definition
| first passed in 1966; has been revised since governs the sale transport an excludes of animls excludes farm animals, birds, certain rats, certain mice and cold-blooded animals |
|
|
Term
| Intuitional Animals Care and Use Committee (IACUC) |
|
Definition
| all animals used in research in the U.S. and must be approved, an independent entity that cannot be overruled, made up of a group within research facility |
|
|
Term
| THE GUIDE for the Care and USe of Laboratory Animals, |
|
Definition
| primary reference for animal care and use in research, species not included in the AWA are given regulations and recommendations in the guide |
|
|
Term
| Public Health Policy on Humane Care and use of Laboratory Animals (PHS) |
|
Definition
U.S. department of health and human services
the use of euthanasia to relieve pain and suffering in laboratory animals |
|
|
Term
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
|
Definition
| ensures safety of the public |
|
|
Term
| Environment Protection Agency (EPA) |
|
Definition
| administers laws to protect human health and the environment |
|
|
Term
| Consumer Products safety Commission (CPSC) |
|
Definition
| enforces regulations in the federal hazardous substance act |
|
|
Term
| National Institute of Health (NIH) |
|
Definition
| provides grants and contracts to support research and training |
|
|
Term
| Associations for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) |
|
Definition
| private organizations promoting humane treatment of animals in science, membership sought out because it signifies a commitment to excellence, does not make is town regulations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to use the fews number of animals possible to a result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure with the least amount of stress, pain, anxiety and disturbance of normal life to the animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use lower forms of life (mice insetad of primates), artificial models, or computer models to achieve the results wherever possible |
|
|
Term
| What is the morals and ethics animal groups order? (from one extream to the other) |
|
Definition
animal Exploitation groups
animal Used groups
animal Control groups
animal Welfare groups
animal Right groups
animal Liberation groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Room doors open on to a central corridor
Common in smaller facilities
Cages cleaned in the room, bowls and supplies cleaned in another room to minimize cross contamination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Referred to as a clean/dirty facility
Rooms have 2 doors: one opens into clean corridor, other opens into a dirty corridor
Traffic is in one direction
Personnel cannot leave through clean doors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Similar to the layout of double-corridor, but requires a shower before entering the animal rooms
Usually required to wear disposable clothing
Entry areas have an airlock
UV light is used to sterilize equipment and supplies
Usually houses germ-free animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disposable clothing and all materials must be autoclaved before being passed pout of the facility through a special wates portal
Air passing out of the facility must be treated with heat or filtration to remove infectious organisms
Usually house animals with infectious or zoonotic diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| referes to the animal housing rooms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the individual care, run, or pen where an animal is house |
|
|
Term
| Most animal's rooms are maintained at what humidity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rodents require what amount of humidity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dogs, cats, and primates what amount of humidity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Thermoneutral Zone (TNZ) |
|
Definition
| is the range of temperature in which an animals does not need physical or chemical mechanisms to control heat productions or heat loss |
|
|
Term
| The optimal temperature for development, comfort, reactivity and adaptability is what? |
|
Definition
| is slightly below the TNZ |
|
|
Term
| Positive air pressure means what? |
|
Definition
| the air flows from inside the room to the outside when the door is opened; drawing out blood from an animal |
|
|
Term
| Negative air pressure means what? |
|
Definition
| the air flows from the hall into the room when the door is opened; air leaving the surgery room |
|
|
Term
| What happens to rats when they get sensitive to noise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to rabbits when they get sensitive to noise? |
|
Definition
| They may injure themselves. |
|
|
Term
| What happens to gerbils and rats when they get sensitive to noise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A stainless steel cage is ...? |
|
Definition
| strong, smooth, rust-free, chemical resistant, high initial cost, may lower temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lightweight, relatively low cost, less durable, may rust, can be damaged by chemicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowest initial cost, they have a low to high impact strength, may be heat and chemical resistant, and may be transparent to allow for observation, may be used for disposable cages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solid-bottomed, usually plastic, typically have a stainless-steel grid top with a feeding station, usually have a filter top to control the microenvironment, are easily stacked or shelved |
|
|
Term
| A Suspended Cage is what? |
|
Definition
| racks holding a series of mesh-bottomed cages that slide in and out of the racks on rails, may be plastic or stainless steel, may provide access only through the top or front of the cage excellent cage ventilation, but poor microenvironmental control |
|
|
Term
| A Metabolism Cage is what? |
|
Definition
| used to collect urine and feces for measurement and analysis, food and water sources are located outside of the cage to avoid addition to the waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to house social groups of animals configurations depends on the species being housed, multiple food and water stations to discourage dominations displays |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of materials used in caging? |
|
Definition
Stainless Steel
Aluminum
Plastics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of animals w/ completely known flora and fauna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| w/o strangers; referred to as germ-free |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Removal of the entire uterus and fetus removed in a sterile isolation chamber. |
|
|
Term
| Barrier Sustained/ Barrier Reared |
|
Definition
| Delivered by Cesarean Derived and maintained in a sterile environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
|
|
Term
| What are Sentinel animals? |
|
Definition
| those that are susceptible to a particular pathogen |
|
|
Term
| What are common vaccines that are administered? |
|
Definition
| Tetanus, Rabies, Hepatitis B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first passed in 1966; has been revised since governs the sale transport and use of animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inspects research facilities for violations of AWA yearly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enforces penalties for violations of AWA |
|
|
Term
| What animal use are excluded from AWA? |
|
Definition
| Farm animals, birds, certain rats and mice, cold-blooded animals |
|
|
Term
| What are the main agencies in USDA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Association of Laboratory Animal Science |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Society of Laboratory Animals Practitioners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American College of Laboratory Animal gency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Institutional Care and Use Committee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| United States Department of Agriculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Public Health Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Food and Drug Administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consumer Product Safety Commission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Institutes of Health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the 3 R's stand for? |
|
Definition
| a commitment to the animals that are sacrificed in the name of research |
|
|
Term
| What does the 3 R's stand for? |
|
Definition
| a commitment to the animals that are sacrificed in the name of research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| range of temperature which an animal does not need physical/chemical mechanisms to control heat production/loss |
|
|
Term
| Animals that are sensitive to noise |
|
Definition
Rat: may stop breeding
Rabbit: Injure themselves
Gerbil and Rats: suffer seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Species, sex, age, genetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Environmental parameters
(Temperature, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quality and quantity of food and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgery, restraint, and drug effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clinical trials on a group of human volunteers before approving the medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group where the variable is manipulated somehow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No manipulation of the variable |
|
|
Term
| Principal Investigator (PI) |
|
Definition
| Scientist, often with an advanced degree, develops hypothesis, plans experimental design, compiles and interprets data collected |
|
|
Term
Laboratory Animal Technicians (LAT)
Laboratory Animal Technologists (LATG) |
|
Definition
| Daily care, ensure all environmental variables are controlled, may also function as research technicians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually has training in laboratory animal care specifically, member of ASLAP and/or ACLAM, oversees all las animal models |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Responsible for operations of facility, including staff supervision and record maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American Association of Laboratory Animal Science
Formed in 1950, develops requirements for LATs, LAGTs, and ALATs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners
Group of veterinarians w/special interest in lab animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine
Provides standards of training for vets in this field, also performs the cert exam necessary for vets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Animal Welfare Act
1966, revised since, governs the sale, transport, and use of animals (excludes farm animals), required the formation of IACUC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
All animals in research in US must be approved by IACUC, independent entity that cannot be overruled, made up of a group w/i the research facility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
United States Department of Agriculture
Enforces AWA, has APHIS and REAC as its main agencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Inspects research facilities for AWA violations yearly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care
Enforces penalties for violations of AWA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
Primary reference for animal care and use in research, species not included in the AWA are given regulations and recommendations in the guide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Public Health Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
An agency w/i US Department of Health and Human Services, addresses the use do euthanasia to relieve pain and suffering in lab animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lifespan: 2-4 years
adult weight: male 300-520g
female 250-300g
Reproductive cycle:
estrus 4-5 days
gestation 21-23 days
weaning 21 days
puberty 37-67 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce "red tears" (porphyrin) in times of stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eat their own feces (night feces eaters - cecatroph) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Then breathe out of their mouths only when they absolutely have to. |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Respiratory Disease (rat) |
|
Definition
cause: mycoplasma pulmonis
symptoms: nasal discharge, smuffling, rubbing eyes/nose, head tilt, loos of coordination, circling
Transmission: direct contact (aerosolized)
Treatment: antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Tyzzer's Disease (rat & mouse) |
|
Definition
cause: clostridium piliforme
symptoms: diarrhea, anorexia, liver/slpeen/heart necrosis and degeneration
Transmission: fecal-oral route
Treatment: antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cause: corona virus
symproms: swollen cervical Lymphnodes, porphyrin staining, light sensitivity, lesions in the eyes
Transmission: respiratory secretions
Treatment: self-limiting, will rum course in 7-10 days |
|
|
Term
| Sites for rat blood collection |
|
Definition
tail clip
toenail clip
venous collection - lateral tail veins, saphenous veins
retro-orbital plexus
cardiocentesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lifespan: 1-3 years
adult weight: male 20-40g
female 25-40g
repro cycle: estrus 4-5 days
gestation 19-21 days
weaning 21-28 days
puberty by 35 days
male's spleen 50% bigger than females
unable to regurfitate/vomit/burp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Omnivores
fresh fruits and veggies 10-15% of diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Herbivores
fresh fruits and veggies 10% of diet
lactose intolerant |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial - infectious (mouse) |
|
Definition
cause: pasteurella pneumotropica and multocida
Symproms: weight loss, unthrifty, hunched posture, anorexia, dyspnea, chattering, sudden death
Transmission: improperly disinfected watering systems
Treatment: antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cause: RNA virus
symptoms: weight loss, dyspnea, chattering
Transmission: direct contact, aerosolization
Treatment: self-limiting |
|
|
Term
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus - MHV (mouse) |
|
Definition
cause: corona virus
Symptoms: severe diarrhea
Transmission: direct contact, aerosolized, fomites
Treatment: none |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cause: new viral strain
symptoms: only in immunocompromised mice
Transmission: unknown
treatment: none |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) |
|
Definition
Cause: LCMV
Symptoms: fever, anorexia, muscle aches, headache, nausea, vomiting
Transmission: saliva, urine and feces of mice
Treatment: supportive care +/- anti-inflammatories |
|
|
Term
| Zoonotic Bacteria in Mice |
|
Definition
Staphacoccus sp.
Streptacoccus sp.
Pasturella sp.
Klebsiella sp.
Salmonella sp. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
affects kidneys (puts protein deposits) in geriatric hamsters
common in rats and mice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal gap between incisors and molars |
|
|
Term
| Mouse Blood Collection sites |
|
Definition
Toenail & tail clip
venous collection: lateral tail vein
saphenous vein
retro-orbital sinus
cardiocentesis
sub-mandibular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a rat have that is great for toxic test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cause: Salmonella
Sym: Diarrhea, Perianal Staining, Anorexia |
|
|
Term
| Male Guinea Pig are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Female Guinea Pigs are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cause: Bordetella Bronchiseptica, Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zoonotic Bacteria in Mice |
|
Definition
staphacoccus
pasturella
klebsiella
salmonella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pasteurella/Streptococcus |
|
|
Term
| Gerbils were imported from mongolia when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group of hamster and gerbils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the gerbil have a low water consumption? |
|
Definition
|
|
