Term
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Definition
| species, sex, age, and genetics |
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Definition
| environment parameters (temperature, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| quality and quantity of food and water |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery, restraint, and drug effects |
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Term
| The primary goal of research is to what? |
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Definition
| to improve human beings knowledge of anatomy, physiology, disease process and methods to control and treat diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with advancing fundamental knowledge of life processes and disease |
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Term
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Definition
| using existing knowledge for solving a specific problem; often use animal models |
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Term
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Definition
| builds on the knowledge gained in basic and applied research |
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Term
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Definition
| clinical trials on a group of human volunteers before approving the medication |
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Term
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Definition
| is designed and guided by the initial question to be answered problem that needs to be solved |
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Term
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Definition
| is a theory basaed on current knowledge that may answer the question or make a solution to the problem |
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Term
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Definition
| group wheres the variable is manipulated |
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Term
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Definition
| no manipulation of the variable |
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Term
| If the research used animal models, the design must be submitted to and approved by who? |
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Definition
| the IACUC (Instiutional Care and Use Committee) |
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Term
| Pricipal Investigator (PI) |
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Definition
| scientists often with an advanced degree develops hypothesis, plans experimental design, complies and interperetes data collected |
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Term
| Laboratory Animals Technicians (LAT)Laboratory Animal Technologist (LATG)and Assistant Laboratory Animal Technologist |
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Definition
| daily care, ensure all environmental variables are controlled, may also function as research technicians |
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Term
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Definition
| usually has training in laboratory animals care specifically, also a member of ASLAP and oversees all of the laboratory's animals models |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for operation of facility, including staff supervision and record maintenance |
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Term
| American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) |
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Definition
| formed in 1950, develops drequirements for LATs, LATGs, ALATs |
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Term
| American Society of Laboratory Animals Practitioners (ASLAP) |
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Definition
| group of veterinarians with special inteterest is laboratory animals medicine |
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Term
| Animals Welfare Act (AWA) |
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Definition
| first passed in 1966; has been revised since governs the sale transport an excludes of animals excludes farm animals, birds, certain rats, certain mice and cold-blooded animals |
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Term
| Intuitional Animals Care and Use Committee (IACUC) |
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Definition
| all animals used in research in the U.S. and must be approved, an independent entity that cannot be overruled, made up of a group w/in research facility |
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Term
| Untied States Department of Agriculture (USDA) |
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Definition
| enforces the AWA, has APHIS and REAC as its main agencies |
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Term
| Animal and Planet Health Inspection Service (APHIS) |
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Definition
| inspects research facilities for violations of AWA yearly |
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Term
| Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care Program (REAC) |
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Definition
| enforces penalties for violations of AWA |
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Term
| THE GUIDE for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals |
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Definition
| primary reference for animal care and use in research, species not included in the AWA are given regulations and recommendations in the guide |
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Term
| Public Health Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS) |
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Definition
| an agency w/in U.S. department of health and human services addresses the use of euthanasia to relieve pain and suffering in laboratory animals |
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Term
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
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Definition
| ensures safety of the public by enforcing adherence to the guidelines for research on certain products (such as medication) |
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Term
| Environment Protection Agency (EPA) |
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Definition
| administers laws to protect human health and the environment |
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Term
| Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) |
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Definition
| enforces regulations in the federal hazardous substance act |
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Term
| National Institute of Health (NIH) |
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Definition
| provides grants and contracts to support research and training |
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Term
| Associations for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) |
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Definition
| private organizations promoting humane treatment of animals in science, membership sought out because it signifies a commitment to excellence, does not make is own regulations |
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Term
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Definition
| to use the fews number of animals possible to a result |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure with the least amount of stress, pain, anxiety and disturbance of normal life to the animal |
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Term
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Definition
| use lower forms of life (mice insetad of primates), artificial models, or computer models to achieve the results wherever possible |
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Term
| What is the morals and ethics animal groups order? (from one extream to the other) |
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Definition
Animal Exploitation groups
Animal Used groups
Animal Control groups
Animal Welfare groups
Animal Right groups
Animal Liberation groups |
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Term
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Definition
Room doors open onto a central corridor
Common in smaller facilities
Cages cleaned in the room, bowls and supplies cleaned in another room to minimize cross contamination |
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Term
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Definition
Referred to as a clean/dirty facility
Rooms have 2 doors: one opens into clean corridor, other opens into a dirty corridor
Traffic is in one direction
Personnel cannot leave through clean doors |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to the layout of double-corridor, but requires a shower before entering the animal rooms
Usually required to wear disposable clothing
Entry areas have an airlock
UV light is used to sterilize equipment and supplies
Usually houses germ-free animals |
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Term
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Definition
Disposable clothing and all materials must be autoclaved before being passed out of the facility through a special wastes portal
Air passing out of the facility must be treated with heat or filtration to remove infectious organisms
Usually house animals with infectious or zoonotic diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| referes to the animal housing rooms |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the individual care, run, or pen where an animal is house |
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Term
| Most animal's rooms are maintained at what humidity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rodents require what amount of humidity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dogs, cats, and primates what amount of humidity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Thermoneutral Zone (TNZ) |
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Definition
| is the range of temperature in which an animals does not need physical or chemical mechanisms to control heat productions or heat loss |
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Term
| The optimal temperature for development, comfort, reactivity and adaptability is what? |
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Definition
| is slightly below the TNZ |
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Term
| Positive air pressure means what? |
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Definition
| the air flows from inside the room to the outside when the door is opened; drawing out blood from an animal |
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Term
| Negative air pressure means what? |
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Definition
| the air flows from the hall into the room when the door is opened; air leaving the surgery room |
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Term
| What happens to rats when they get sensitive to noise? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to rabbits when they get sensitive to noise? |
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Definition
| They may injure themselves. |
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Term
| What happens to gerbils and rats when they get sensitive to noise? |
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Definition
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Term
| A stainless steel cage is ...? |
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Definition
| strong, smooth, rust-free, chemical resistant, high initial cost, may lower temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| lightweight, relatively low cost, less durable, may rust, can be damaged by chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| lowest initial cost, they have a low to high impact strength, may be heat and chemical resistant, and may be transparent to allow for observation, may be used for disposable cages |
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Term
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Definition
| solid-bottomed, usually plastic, typically have a stainless-steel grid top with a feeding station, usually have a filter top to control the microenvironment, are easily stacked or shelved |
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Term
| What is a Suspended Cage? |
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Definition
| racks holding a series of mesh-bottomed cages that slide in and out of the racks on rails, may be plastic or stainless steel, may provide access only through the top or front of the cage excellent cage ventilation, but poor microenvironmental control |
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Term
| What is a Metabolism Cage? |
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Definition
| used to collect urine and feces for measurement and analysis, food and water sources are located outside of the cage to avoid addition to the waste |
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Term
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Definition
| used to house social groups of animals configurations depends on the species being housed, multiple food and water stations to discourage dominations displays |
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Term
| What is a Transportation Cage? |
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Definition
| cages with wheels, may incorporate a squeeze section (primates), for temporary housing does not need food or water sources |
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Term
| What is a Pens and Runs Cage? |
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Definition
| primarily used to house dogs, sheep, goats, and farm animals, if outdoors must keep other animals from getting in, outdoor enclosures may cause a loss of animals housed outdoors will need to become acclimated to seasonal changes |
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Term
| What is an Activity Cage? |
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Definition
| used to provide exercises for animals, configuration depends on the species being housed |
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Term
| What is an Inhalation Cage? |
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Definition
| used for strict control of environment parameters, routinely used for studies involving inhalation of a vaccine or antibiotic, allow substances to be directed inhaled without contaminating the room air |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to ICU cages, provides control of temperature, humidity, oxygen pressure, etc. IV lines, catheter access ports, and monitoring devices can be incorporating |
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Term
| Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) |
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Definition
| Free of any unknown Pathogen(s) other then the defined Pathogens and the microflora is undefined |
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Term
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Definition
| Animals were delivered surgically by removal of the mother's uterus and then the fetuses were removed in a sterile isolation chamber |
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Term
| Barrier Sustained or Barrier Research |
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Definition
| Animals were delivered by cesarean section then lived in a sterile cage or facility |
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Term
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Definition
| are those that are susceptible to a particular pathogen |
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Term
| The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
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Definition
| has specific guidelines for handling infectious agents; higher # of agents = more risk, lower # of agents = less risk |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that do not normally cause dzes in humans, but may cause in immuno-compromised individuals; no specific handling/disposal required; will include cleaning agents, animal vax and species-specific dzes |
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Term
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Definition
| agents can cause dz in humans if handled incorrectly (ex. Toxoplasma, Salmonella), limited access, PPE used, and specific sanitation protocols |
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Term
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Definition
| agents can cause serious and potentially lethal dz (ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis), primary/secondary barriers and PPE are required for all personnel; access controlled; and specific decontamination procedures for cages, clothing, equipment and waste |
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Term
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Definition
| agents pose a hight risk of causeing life-threatening dz (ex. Ebola, Marburg, viruses); maximum containment procedures; shower in & out w/ full positive-pressure body suits and extensive training for personnel |
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Term
| Identifying hazards is ...? |
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Definition
| the first to step to prevent injury ex. animal bites exposure to chemicals, radiation, allergens, and zoonosis |
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Term
| Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) |
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Definition
| is responsible for enforcing laws that protect workers form workplace hazards |
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Term
| The "Right TO Know" law does what? |
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Definition
| requires that personnel be informed of potential workplace hazards |
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Term
| Material Saftey Data Sheets (MSDS) |
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Definition
| contain an updated list of all chemical hazards w/in the facility. |
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Term
| The importance of Facility Security is to do what? |
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Definition
| its necessary to guard against any sabotage by animal rights or Liberian activists to protect animal care (ex. keys & codes are changed regularly) |
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Term
| Periodic Samples are ...? |
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Definition
| take to identify the presence of microorganisms in the animal colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitoring of the animals by a PE & testing is vital to ensure that no unknown variable is being introduced |
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Term
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Definition
| animals that have specific, well-defined microflora |
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Term
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Definition
| a well-defined, germ free, flora animal that has no evidence of microorganisms except those that pass through the placenta before birth; will remain if they stay in the sterile facility; food & water must be sterilized before entering |
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Term
| Why do the well-defined flora tend to grow more quickly, absorb fats better, and live longer? |
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Definition
| Because they usually have a unique anatomical feature like thinner-walled intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of animals w/ completely known flora & fauna; created in the 1950's which revolutionized the breeding of animals for research |
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Term
| Conventional animals are ...? |
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Definition
| those with unknown microflora |
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Term
| The defined flora animals are? |
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Definition
| Axenic, Gnotobiotic, SPF, Cesarean Derived and Barrier Sustained |
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Term
| Federal Law requires what? |
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Definition
| the animals used in research and teaching be acquired only from USDA-licensed dealers |
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Term
| American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ACLAM) |
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Definition
| provides standards of training for veterinarians in this field, also performs the certification exam necessary for veterinarians |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Blood in the urine/common w/ bladder stones |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Elevated kidney value in the lab work (high BUN/creatinine) |
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