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Definition
| The branch of science dealing with the use of x-rays. |
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Definition
| The making of film records of internal structures of the body by exposure of film specialy sensitized to x-rays. |
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Definition
| The film produced by radiography. |
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Definition
| A specialist in radiology. |
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Term
Roentgen
(Named after William Conrad Roentgen) |
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Definition
| A unit of measurment of x-ray beam |
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Term
| Forms of electromagnetic energy. Similair to visible light but they have shorter wavelengths. |
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Definition
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Definition
| These are generated when fast moving electrons collide with any form of matter. |
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Term
Portable
Mobile
Stationary |
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Definition
| What are the 3 basic type of x-ray equipment available? |
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Term
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Definition
| This can be carried in the field to the animal. Ideal for large animal extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
Portable units usually have a fixed mA at?
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Term
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Definition
| Portable mahcines generally have a kVp range from? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the gernal exposure time of a portable machine? |
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Definition
This can be transported to the patient but it is generally limited to hospital use due to its large size.
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Term
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Definition
| Mobile units generally produce an mA of? |
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Definition
| Mobile units genrally produce a kVp of? |
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Term
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Definition
| The exposure time of mobile units is? |
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Term
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Definition
| This machine is most commonly used in small animal practies. Installed in a room with proper lead shielding for radiography. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the mA capacity of most stationary units? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the kVp capacity of most stationary radiography units? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the general exposure time of a stationary unit? |
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Term
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Definition
| This is where the machine is turned on, some are stand alone units, & some pull out trays attached to the table. |
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Term
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Definition
| what does the major adjust? |
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Term
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Definition
| What does the minor adjust? |
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Term
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Definition
| This is where x-rays are generated |
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Term
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Definition
| This adjusts the size of the opening, located just below the x-ray tube, and has adjustable lead sheaves (like shutters) to focus the beam on the desired area. |
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Term
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Definition
| The collimator is used to prvent what? |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the device that is under the table and holds the cassette. |
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Term
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Definition
| The x-ray tube contains a heated what? |
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Term
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Definition
| This is where the elctrons are generated. Negatively charged. |
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Definition
| This is where x-rays are produced and contains the tungsten target. Positevly charged. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is used due to its physical properties to withstand heat and stress. |
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Term
| vaccum sealed glass envelope. |
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Definition
| Both the cathode and annode are housed in a? |
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Term
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Definition
Located in the glass envelope, it allows the x-rays to pass with minimum filtration.
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Term
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Definition
| The entire x-ray tube is surrounded by this which acts as a electrical barrier. It absorbs heat generated by the tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| This focuses the beam of electrons on the focal spot of the annode. |
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Term
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Definition
| hat is the focal spot angled at? |
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Term
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Definition
| The unequal distribution on the x-ray beam intensity emitted from the x-ray tube.Beams on the annode side are less instense then those on the cathode side. tubes with lower angles i.e 11 degrees. |
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Definition
| The degree of blackness on a radiograph. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiographic density can be increased by doing this? |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiographic density can be increased when the peetrating power of this is increased. |
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Term
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Definition
| This scae of contrast shows few black and white shades.ith many shades of grey. |
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Term
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Definition
| This scale of contrast shows many black and white shades with few shades of grey. |
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Term
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Definition
| This scale of contrast is desirable for most studies. |
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Term
1 Subject density
2 kVp level
3 Film contrast
4 Film Fogging |
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Definition
| Obtaining a long scale of contrast depends on four factors: |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of different tissue densities to absorb x-rays. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is least dense on radiographs and shows up as black? |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiographic contrast can be lengthened or shortened by increasing or decreasing the? |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of film allows for more variation in technique, while still producing a diagnostic radiograph. |
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Term
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Definition
| This can greatly decrease radiographic contrast by decreasin g the densities between two adjacent shadows. |
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Term
Light leaks
Scatter radiation
Heat
Storing too close to chemicals
Improper processing. |
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Definition
Film can become foged from:
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Term
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Definition
| This is considered to be good when the interface between tissue and orgons are sharp. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient motion can decrease detail due to blurred interfaces. This effect can be decreased by doing what? |
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Term
| Penumbra effect or halo effect. |
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Definition
| This effect causes blurred edges on a radiograph. Factors include: size of focal spot, & focal film distnace. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distance from target to the film. |
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Term
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Definition
| For optimum exposure and minimum penumbra effect, the focal film distnae should be set between: |
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Term
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Definition
| The ditsance between the object being imaged and the film. This also absorbs the penumbra effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| This occurs when the object being imaged is not parallel to the film. |
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Term
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Definition
| This occurs when x-ray beams strike objects being imaged at angles less then 90 degrees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Photons produced by x-rays can either penetrate the object, be absorbed by the object, or be deflected off the object which is called this? |
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Term
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Definition
| These are used to decrease scatter radiation and improve contrast. |
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Term
| When the obejct measures greater than 10cm. |
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Definition
When should a grid be used?
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Term
1 The lead strips can be made as thin as possible.
2 Increase the number of strips per inche.
3 Use a Potter-Bucky diaphragm. "Bucky" |
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Definition
| Visible grid lines can be reduced in these 3 ways: |
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Term
mAs
kVp
Focal Film Distance
Object Film Distance |
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Definition
| What are the exposure variables? |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a product of the milli amperage and the exposure time. |
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Term
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Definition
| This controls the number of electrons in the electrons in the electron cloud, generated in the filament of the cathode. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| To double radiographic density you should double the what? |
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Term
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Definition
| The voltage applied between the annode and the cathode. |
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Term
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Definition
| kVp is determined by the: |
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Term
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Definition
| To double radiographic density: |
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Term
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Definition
| To halve radiographic density: |
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Term
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Definition
| Table top radiographs require the x-ray tube to be moved up how many inches to compensate for the closer film distance. |
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Definition
| Any unwanted densities in the form of blemishes, arising from improper handlng, exposure, processing, or house keeping. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cathode has what charge? |
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Term
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Definition
| The annode has what charge? |
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Term
| Damage to DNA. It can effect reproduction. |
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Definition
| What s genetic damage in regards to radiation? |
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Term
| Area in the annode where electrons collide. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is is called when there is a decrease of x-ray intensity on annode effect? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of annode rotates on itself? |
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Term
| Damage over life time of a person. May cause genetic damage to future generations. |
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Definition
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Term
| The maximum dose of radiation a person can receive over a period of time. |
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Definition
| What is maximum permissible dose? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the maximum dose of radiation a person is allowed to receive over a year? |
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Term
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Definition
| What tool is used to measure a subject before taking radiographs? |
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Term
| In the cathode from filament and then go to the annode. |
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Definition
| Where do the electrons originate and where do they go? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the percentage of heat and x-rays? |
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Term
| It has a very high melting point. |
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Definition
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Term
-Invisible
-Move n straight lines
-Stopped by lead
-Penetrate objects
-Scatter
-Bounce |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is applied to the filament to heat it up? |
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Term
| Halo effect around the animal. Effects focal spot in the annode. Need to make sure the focal spot is larger then a pin point. |
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Definition
| What is the penumbra effect? |
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Term
| To prevent scatter radiation. They absorb x-rays when they hit thicker parts of the body. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| If the mA is correct, film contrast depends on what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This is referred to as the degree of blackness on the film. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a film has low contrast, how will it look. |
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Term
| Inside the cassette, on top of film and underneath film. |
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Definition
| Where are the intensifying screens located? |
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Term
| Between the table and cassette. |
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Definition
| Where is the grid usually located? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common type of film speed used? |
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Term
| The less exposure time required. Less detail needed. |
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Definition
| The greater the speed of the film, the less: |
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Definition
| If an animal is anesthetized during radiographs what speed film can be used? |
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Term
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Definition
| What absorbs more x-rays than muscle or fat? |
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Term
| Non-forming radiation. Nothing to do with primary beam. |
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Definition
| What is scatter radiation? |
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Term
| Difference in density between 2 adjacent structures. |
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Definition
| What is subject contrast? |
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Term
| Cancer, generational defects, reproductive issues, thyroid problems. PPE should always be worn. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is the youngest legal age a person can be to take radiographs? |
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Term
| The national Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement. |
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Definition
| Who alerts you when you have reached your maximum radiation level? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of grid is the Potter-Bucky diaphragm? |
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Term
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Definition
| What can happen if you increase the time when taking a radiograph? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where do you measure the object when getting measurement for radiographs? |
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Term
| It controls the penetrating power of the x-rays. |
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Definition
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