Term
| How may immunogenicity of tumor cells be enhanced? |
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Definition
1. Expression of antigens induced by a 2. Expression of antigens induced by a chemical
3. Expression of fetal antigens |
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Term
| What are characteristics of NK cells? |
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Definition
1. They have a receptor that inhibits killing when self MHC is present on a potential target cell.
2. They lack T and B cell receptors
3. They have Fc receptors that can bind to antibody |
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Term
| How can a macrophages participate in killing tumor cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a tumor cell-specific immunotherapeutic approach? |
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Definition
| Toxin-conjugated monoclonal antibody therapy |
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Term
| Infection of a fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD) can result in a permanent carrier state when the calf if infected at what stage of gestation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rh disease in human infants and neonatal isoerythrolysis in equine foals have some similarities - what are these? What is the primary difference? |
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Definition
Similarities -
1. In both species the mother has made antibodies specific for antigenic determinants on the father’s erythrocytes that are lacking on hers.
2. Both have a type II hypersensitivity mechanism
3. Inheritance of the offending erythrocyte antigens is dominant
Difference - in foals, antibodies do NOT cross placenta as in humans |
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Term
| In penicillin induced immune mediated anemia the penicillin acts as a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical signs that include arthritis occurring in a patient between 5 and 14 days post exposure to a bolus of foreign protein are the result of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which characteristic of an “ideal” vaccine is an inherent characteristic of a subunit vaccine? |
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Definition
| Able to stimulate an immune response that is distinguishable from active infection |
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Term
| What is an example of a category II USDA vaccine (removal of virulence associated gene(s) produces an avirulent immunogen)? |
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Definition
| Swine psuedorabies thymidine kinase deficient vaccine |
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Term
| As a group, adjuvants can enhance the immune response by what mechanisms? |
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Definition
1. creation of a depot of antigen to prolong immune responses
2. Stimulation of TLR’s
3. Increased production of cytokines from antigen presenting cells |
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Term
| What is an example of a vaccines that would be expected to induce a specific cytotoxic lymphocyte response? |
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Definition
| Canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vax |
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Term
| what is the duration of immunity for modified live canine distemper and parvovirus vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Autoimmune reactions may occur after exposure of a sequestered antigen in which tissues? |
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Definition
| Lens of the eye, CNS, spermatozoa |
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Term
| In the systemic autoimmune disease lupus erythematosus a patient may show clinical signs reflective of what diseases? |
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Definition
a. kidney disease
b. skin disease
c. arthritis |
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Term
| The pathogenic mechanism leading to autoimmune dz lupus erythromatous involves what immune pathology? |
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Definition
| Immune complex deposition |
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Term
| Development of bullae and ulcerated areas of skin occurs in pemphigus complex disease as a result of what immune pathology? |
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Definition
| Binding of autoantibodies to desmoglein-3 in the epidermis |
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Term
| Which of the following skin grafts would be most likely to be accepted without immunosuppressive therapy? What are other graft types that would likely require immunosuppression? |
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Definition
Isograft - identical twin (or autograft - self)
Allograft - different individual
Xenograft - different species |
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Term
| Hyperacute rejection of a kidney allograft is usually caused by what immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rejection of a mismatched allograft that occurs 6 weeks after transplantation is most likely caused by what immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of tissue can induce graft versus host disease when the donor and recipient are poorly matched? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not associated with prevention of rejection of the fetus by the mother?
a. Pregnancy fosters a TH1 response
b. Trophoblast layer has no MHC expression
c. Nonpolymorphic MHC1b prevents NK cell killing
d. Secretion of immunosuppressive molecules |
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Definition
a.FALSE - Pregnancy fosters a TH1 response
Pregnancy fosters TH2 response |
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Term
| If a kidney is rejected from a recipient and another kidney is transplanted from the same donor, what would the expected result be? |
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Definition
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Term
| When would an immune deficiency that is caused by expression of an inherited genetic mutation most likely become apparent? |
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Definition
| After 6-8 weeks of age, post-maternal Abs |
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Term
| The absence of lymphoid precursor cells will cause what immune defect(s)? |
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Definition
| No formation of antibodies |
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Term
| Inability of neutrophils to exit the blood vascular system in response to a chemotactic stimulus is seen in which disease? |
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Definition
| Leukocyte adhesion deficiency |
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Term
| The presence of a low albumin/globulin ratio in a patient’s serum can mean that there is a gammopathy. What is a likely cause of a polyclonal gammopathy? |
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Definition
Heartworm disease
Chronic viral infection
Autoimmune disease |
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Term
| Systemic anaphylaxis after an injection or bee sting is a result of what immune response? |
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Definition
| Release of mediators from mast cells after IgE-mediated degranulation |
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Term
| Atopy refers to a genetic predisposition to develop what immune condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cytokines are important for production of IgE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell type might you expect to find elevated in the blood of a feline patient with asthma? |
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Definition
| Eosinophils (classic for asthma) |
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Term
| Injection of a pollen antigen into the skin (intradermal) results in a raised lesion within 20 minutes. This lesion is caused by what? |
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Definition
| Mast cell degranulation and mediator release |
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Term
| IgE levels in the blood can be measured by what assay? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulation of the arachidonic acid pathway after mast cell activation results in synthesis what mediators? |
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Definition
| Prostaglandins, leukotrienes |
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Term
The following is TRUE regarding passive antibody transfer in the CHICK:
a. It gets only IgY from the yolk that is absorbed into the blood stream
b. It gets both IgY and IgA
c. It gets only IgA that is swallowed from the oviduct
d. It does not get any passively transferred antibody |
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Definition
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Term
| The inhalation of antigen can stimulate production of IgA in the respiratory system. What size particle would be expected to reach the alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age is a foal most vulnerable to infection, assuming he/she got at least 800 mg/dl IgG in colostrums? |
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Definition
| 8-10 weeks (maternal Ab wanes) |
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Term
| Purpura hemorrhagica in horses sometimes follows an infection with Streptococcus equi. It is caused by what immune dysfunction? |
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Definition
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Term
| A red raised skin lesion that occurs 8 – 12 hours after a vaccine in an older patient that has a history of yearly immunizations is most likely caused by what immune response? |
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Definition
| Vasculitis from immune complex deposition in the skin |
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Term
| For detecton of antibody in an ELISA the solid phase is coated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a competitive ELISA to detect antigen (such as a hormone) the component attached to the enzyme is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the advantage of a Western Blot over a microtiter based ELISA? |
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Definition
| Western blot allows you to detect single proteins out of a complex mixture |
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Term
| For diagnosis of failure of passive transfer which method is most accurate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wat is the limiting component in a complement fixation test? |
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Definition
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Term
| Based on the data from a serological test (such as agglutination or complement fixation) a calf with paired acute and convalescent titers of 320 and 640, what might we see? |
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Definition
May have been previously vaccinated for the disease
May have maternal antibody for the disease agent
May be infected with the disease that is being tested for.
Can NOT be dx with dz being test for |
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Term
| Testing for antibodies to erythrocyte antigens in mares prior to breeding is best done using which assay(s)? |
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Definition
Agglutination
Cell-mediated lysis |
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Term
| In the complement fixation test a serum sample is said to be “anticomplementary” when what occurs? |
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Definition
| Serum fixes antigen without complement |
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Term
| The lymphocyte proliferation test using the mitogens ConA and/or PHA is performed to evaluate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytokines are secreted by Treg (CD4+CD25+) |
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Definition
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