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VMD420 Immunology Final
Final exam review
49
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
05/31/2011

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Cards

Term
How may immunogenicity of tumor cells be enhanced?
Definition
1. Expression of antigens induced by a 2. Expression of antigens induced by a chemical
3. Expression of fetal antigens
Term
What are characteristics of NK cells?
Definition
1. They have a receptor that inhibits killing when self MHC is present on a potential target cell.
2. They lack T and B cell receptors
3. They have Fc receptors that can bind to antibody
Term
How can a macrophages participate in killing tumor cells?
Definition
Production of TNF-alpha
Term
What is an example of a tumor cell-specific immunotherapeutic approach?
Definition
Toxin-conjugated monoclonal antibody therapy
Term
Infection of a fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD) can result in a permanent carrier state when the calf if infected at what stage of gestation?
Definition
Early (0 – 125 days)
Term
Rh disease in human infants and neonatal isoerythrolysis in equine foals have some similarities - what are these? What is the primary difference?
Definition
Similarities -
1. In both species the mother has made antibodies specific for antigenic determinants on the father’s erythrocytes that are lacking on hers.
2. Both have a type II hypersensitivity mechanism
3. Inheritance of the offending erythrocyte antigens is dominant
Difference - in foals, antibodies do NOT cross placenta as in humans
Term
In penicillin induced immune mediated anemia the penicillin acts as a what?
Definition
Hapten
Term
Clinical signs that include arthritis occurring in a patient between 5 and 14 days post exposure to a bolus of foreign protein are the result of what?
Definition
Immune complex formation
Term
Which characteristic of an “ideal” vaccine is an inherent characteristic of a subunit vaccine?
Definition
Able to stimulate an immune response that is distinguishable from active infection
Term
What is an example of a category II USDA vaccine (removal of virulence associated gene(s) produces an avirulent immunogen)?
Definition
Swine psuedorabies thymidine kinase deficient vaccine
Term
As a group, adjuvants can enhance the immune response by what mechanisms?
Definition
1. creation of a depot of antigen to prolong immune responses
2. Stimulation of TLR’s
3. Increased production of cytokines from antigen presenting cells
Term
What is an example of a vaccines that would be expected to induce a specific cytotoxic lymphocyte response?
Definition
Canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vax
Term
what is the duration of immunity for modified live canine distemper and parvovirus vaccine?
Definition
At least 7 years
Term
Autoimmune reactions may occur after exposure of a sequestered antigen in which tissues?
Definition
Lens of the eye, CNS, spermatozoa
Term
In the systemic autoimmune disease lupus erythematosus a patient may show clinical signs reflective of what diseases?
Definition
a. kidney disease
b. skin disease
c. arthritis
Term
The pathogenic mechanism leading to autoimmune dz lupus erythromatous involves what immune pathology?
Definition
Immune complex deposition
Term
Development of bullae and ulcerated areas of skin occurs in pemphigus complex disease as a result of what immune pathology?
Definition
Binding of autoantibodies to desmoglein-3 in the epidermis
Term
Which of the following skin grafts would be most likely to be accepted without immunosuppressive therapy? What are other graft types that would likely require immunosuppression?
Definition
Isograft - identical twin (or autograft - self)

Allograft - different individual
Xenograft - different species
Term
Hyperacute rejection of a kidney allograft is usually caused by what immune response?
Definition
Preformed antibody
Term
Rejection of a mismatched allograft that occurs 6 weeks after transplantation is most likely caused by what immune response?
Definition
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells
Term
Which type of tissue can induce graft versus host disease when the donor and recipient are poorly matched?
Definition
Bone marrow
Term
Which of the following is not associated with prevention of rejection of the fetus by the mother?

a. Pregnancy fosters a TH1 response
b. Trophoblast layer has no MHC expression
c. Nonpolymorphic MHC1b prevents NK cell killing
d. Secretion of immunosuppressive molecules
Definition
a.FALSE - Pregnancy fosters a TH1 response
Pregnancy fosters TH2 response
Term
If a kidney is rejected from a recipient and another kidney is transplanted from the same donor, what would the expected result be?
Definition
Second set rejection
Term
When would an immune deficiency that is caused by expression of an inherited genetic mutation most likely become apparent?
Definition
After 6-8 weeks of age, post-maternal Abs
Term
The absence of lymphoid precursor cells will cause what immune defect(s)?
Definition
No formation of antibodies
Term
Inability of neutrophils to exit the blood vascular system in response to a chemotactic stimulus is seen in which disease?
Definition
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Term
The presence of a low albumin/globulin ratio in a patient’s serum can mean that there is a gammopathy. What is a likely cause of a polyclonal gammopathy?
Definition
Heartworm disease
Chronic viral infection
Autoimmune disease
Term
Systemic anaphylaxis after an injection or bee sting is a result of what immune response?
Definition
Release of mediators from mast cells after IgE-mediated degranulation
Term
Atopy refers to a genetic predisposition to develop what immune condition?
Definition
IgE mediated disease
Term
Which cytokines are important for production of IgE?
Definition
IL4 and IL3
Term
Which cell type might you expect to find elevated in the blood of a feline patient with asthma?
Definition
Eosinophils (classic for asthma)
Term
Injection of a pollen antigen into the skin (intradermal) results in a raised lesion within 20 minutes. This lesion is caused by what?
Definition
Mast cell degranulation and mediator release
Term
IgE levels in the blood can be measured by what assay?
Definition
ELISA
Term
Stimulation of the arachidonic acid pathway after mast cell activation results in synthesis what mediators?
Definition
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes
Term
The following is TRUE regarding passive antibody transfer in the CHICK:
a. It gets only IgY from the yolk that is absorbed into the blood stream
b. It gets both IgY and IgA
c. It gets only IgA that is swallowed from the oviduct
d. It does not get any passively transferred antibody
Definition
It gets both IgY and IgA
Term
The inhalation of antigen can stimulate production of IgA in the respiratory system. What size particle would be expected to reach the alveoli?
Definition
1 micron
Term
At what age is a foal most vulnerable to infection, assuming he/she got at least 800 mg/dl IgG in colostrums?
Definition
8-10 weeks (maternal Ab wanes)
Term
Purpura hemorrhagica in horses sometimes follows an infection with Streptococcus equi. It is caused by what immune dysfunction?
Definition
Immune complex formation
Term
A red raised skin lesion that occurs 8 – 12 hours after a vaccine in an older patient that has a history of yearly immunizations is most likely caused by what immune response?
Definition
Vasculitis from immune complex deposition in the skin
Term
For detecton of antibody in an ELISA the solid phase is coated with what?
Definition
Antigen
Term
In a competitive ELISA to detect antigen (such as a hormone) the component attached to the enzyme is what?
Definition
Purified form of the Ag
Term
What is the advantage of a Western Blot over a microtiter based ELISA?
Definition
Western blot allows you to detect single proteins out of a complex mixture
Term
For diagnosis of failure of passive transfer which method is most accurate?
Definition
SRID (gold standard)
Term
Wat is the limiting component in a complement fixation test?
Definition
Complement
Term
Based on the data from a serological test (such as agglutination or complement fixation) a calf with paired acute and convalescent titers of 320 and 640, what might we see?
Definition
May have been previously vaccinated for the disease
May have maternal antibody for the disease agent
May be infected with the disease that is being tested for.

Can NOT be dx with dz being test for
Term
Testing for antibodies to erythrocyte antigens in mares prior to breeding is best done using which assay(s)?
Definition
Agglutination
Cell-mediated lysis
Term
In the complement fixation test a serum sample is said to be “anticomplementary” when what occurs?
Definition
Serum fixes antigen without complement
Term
The lymphocyte proliferation test using the mitogens ConA and/or PHA is performed to evaluate what?
Definition
T cell function
Term
What cytokines are secreted by Treg (CD4+CD25+)
Definition
IL10, THF-beta
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