Origin and insertion of superficial gluteal m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: Lateral sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: trochanter tertius (third trochanter of the femur)

Origin and insertion of middle gluteal m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: wing of ilium

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Origin: lateral aspect of S3 (sacrum 3) & Cd1 (Caudal 1)

Insertion: greater trochanter

Origin and insertion of deep gluteal m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: body of ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter

Origin: tuber coxae, aponeurosis of middle gluteal m.

Insertion: lateral femoral fascia (fascia lata)

NOTE: Aponeurosis - They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, are histologically similar to tendons, and are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.

Origin: sacrotuberous ligament & ischiatic tuberosity

Insertion: via fascia lata and fascia of the leg to patella, patellar ligament, tibial crest and body, tuber calcanei

Origin and insertion of internal obturator m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: pelvic side of pubis and ischium

Insertion: trochanteric fossa

Origin and insertion of sacrotuberous ligament

IMPORTANT

Origin: S3 (sacrum 3) and Cd1 

Insertion: ischial tuberosity

Bonus: This is not present in the cat

Origin: lateral ischium

Insertion: trochanteric fossa

Origin: caudoventral ischium

Insertion: distal to trochanteric fossa

Origin: 

Cranial - crest of ilium and thoracolumbar fascia

Caudal - iliac spine and ventral border of ilium

Insertion:

Cranial - patella

Caudal - cranial border of tibia

How many head are associated with m. quadriceps femoris

Name all muscles

a: Four

b: 

m. rectus femoris

m. vastus lateralis

m. vastus intermedius

m. vastus medialis

No

The four heads share a single insertion via the patella and patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity

Origin and insertion of m. rectus femoris

IMPORTANT

Origin: iliopubic eminence of pubis

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament

Origin of m. vastus lateralis

Why is there no need to mention insertion?

Origin: craniolateral aspect of proximal femur

Insertion: All four heads of m. Quadriceps femoris attach at the same point

Origin: craniolateral aspect of proximal femur

Insertion: Part of m. quadriceps femoris

Origin and insertion of the patellar ligament

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

Insertion: via fascia of the leg to medial body of tibia and tuber calcanei

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

Insertion: caudomedial aspect of distal femur and medial proximal tibia

Origin: pelvic symphysis

Insertion: cranial border of the tibia and tuber calcanei

Origin: prepubic tendon and iliopubic eminence

Insertion: distal end of medial lip of caudal femur

Origin: pelvic symphysis, ventral parts of pubis and ischium

Insertion: lateral lip of caudal femur

Origin: lumbar vertebrae (m. psoas major) & ventral border of ilium (m. iliacus)

Insertion: lesser trochanter

Origin and insertion of cranial tibial m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: arcing line running parallel slightly lateral to the tibial tuberosity and cranial border of the proximal tibia

Insertion: plantar aspect of proximal parts of metatarsals I and II

Origin and insertion of long digital extensor m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: extensor fossa of distolateral femur

Insertion: extensor process of distal phalanx of digits 2 through 4.

Origin and insertion of fibularis longus m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: lateral tibial condyle, head of fibula, lateral collateral ligament of stifle

Insertion: plantar aspect of tarsal 4, plantar aspect of proximal metatarsals 2 – 4

Origin and insertion of superficial digital flexor m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: lateral supracondylar region of distocaudal femur and lateral sesamoid of the m. gastrocnemius

Insertion: proximoplantar aspect of middle phalanges (digits 2 through 5)

origin and insertion of deep digital flexor m.

IMPORTANT

Origin: medial head—caudal aspect of proximal tibia; lateral head—caudal aspect of proximal fibula and caudolateral aspect of proximal tibia

Insertion: plantar aspect distal phalanx, digits II through V

Origin and insertion of m. gastrocnemius

IMPORTANT

Origin: medial & lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur

Insertion: tuber calcanei

Origin: distocaudal aspect of lateral femoral condyle

Insertion: medial aspect of proximocaudal tibia.

divides into equal right and left halves 

also mid-sagittal

A ridged union of tissue.

Think about the ball sack union. Boom.

The top coat with color

Straight and stiff... get it?

o   Typically have 5 pairs

o   1 pair – inguinal

o   2 pair – abdominal

o   2 pair – thoracic

4 pairs

1 abdominal pair

7 pairs

3 pair abdominal, 2 pair each on thoracic and inguinal

Under the skin (SQ, hypodermis, subcutis)

loosely attaches skin to body

great site for injection of SQ fluids

Much denser

invests muscles and forms myofascial compartments

septa penetrate muscles

To hold in place

When a group of tendons from separate muscles pass under a band of CT

This prevents bowing of the tendon

 [image]

The two diagonal pairs of legs move together

[image]

[image]

Name bones, and joints

Yes

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Name joints and regions

[image]

Top to bottom:

- Coxofemoral

- Thigh

- Stifle

- Crus

- Tarsus (Hock)

- Pes (Tarsus, Metatarsus & Phalanges)

Formed by m. pectineus, m. sartorious and the body wall

[image]

Name autonomous zones:

4 - blue

5 - yellow

7 - red

1 - purple

6 - orange

[image]

4 - Saphenous nerve

5 - Sciatic nerve

7 - Tibial nerve

1 - Caudal cutaneous femoral nerve

6 - Fibular nerve

Fluid inside the blastula, it is the empty space that the inner cell mass does not occupy

[image]

[image]

1 - m. gluteus medius 

2 - m. vastus lateralis

3 - m. semitendinosus

4 - sciatic n.

5 - distal caudal femoral a. 

6 - common fibular n.

7 - tibial n.

8 - sacrotuberous ligament

1 - superficial circumflex iliac a. 

2 - femoral v.

3 - femoral a.

4 - saphenous n.

5 - descending genicular a.

6 - proximal caudal femoral a.

7 - m. adductor 

8 - m. gracilis

9 - m. sartorious cranial

10 - m. pectineus 

1 - Proximal caudal femoral a.

2 - sahpenous n.

3 - descending genicular a.

4 - saphenous a.

5 - popliteal a.

6 - femoral a.

7 - distal caudal femoral a.

8 - m. semimembranosus

9 - m. adductor

1 - medial saphenous v.

2 - proxmial caudal femoral a.

3 - femoral a.

4 - femoral v. 

5 - saphenous n.

6 - descending genicular a.

mm. iliopsoas & quadriceps femoris (flexion of hip, extension of stifle)

and m. Sartorious

m. sartorius (flexion of hip; extension/flexion of stifle)

branches from femoral n. within the m. iliopsoas, emerges in femoral triangle, follows saphenous vessels on medial aspect of thigh

mm. biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

Fibularus longus

long digital extensor

lateral digital extensor

cranial tibial m.

mm. gastrocnemius & popliteus, superficial and deep digital flexor mm.

arises from sciatic n. in thigh region

1 - Long digital extensor tendon

2 - Caudal Cruciate Ligament

3 - Cranial Cruciate Ligament

[image]

Get after it

[image]

Yerp

Medial 

Lateral

Intermediate

[image]

Is this the right/left stifle? How can you tell?

Name the three shaded regions

What is the bottom arrow pointing to?

Right cranial view - fibula on lateral side

Blue - patellar fibrocartilage

Red - Medial ridge of trochlea

Purple - Medial patellar ligament

Fibula

Equine 

Metatarsal III

The most distal seasmoid bone

[image]

A bursa (plural bursae) is a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of viscous fluid (similar in consistency to that of a raw egg white). It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint.

[image]

[image]

What are the anatomically correct names for these joints?

Fetlock Joint = Metatarsophalangeal joint

Pastern Joint = Proximal interphalangeal joint

Coffin Joint = Distal interphlangeal joint

Thoracic

abdominal

pelvic - extension of abdominal

- Support phase (extension) - limbs in contact with the ground that are supporting the limbs in the swing phase

- Swing phase (flexion) - Cranial phase, The moment when the foot leaves the ground to when it passes the supporting limb to when it striks the ground cranial to the supporting limb

Caudal phase - The moment the foot leaves the ground to when it passes the supporting limb on the opposite side of the body (transitions to cranial)

Compression - loss of volume - Pressue

Distraction - Pulling force on object - Tension (opposite compression)

Torsion - Twist and shout

Bending - Force applied perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis

Hock flexion

Digit extension - mind... blown

mm. Gastrocnemius, popliteus, superficial & deep digital flexor

Provides sensory function to plantar aspect of tarsus, metatarsus and digits

Describe gastrulation and relate the events to the formation of the trilaminar embryo

Gonna level with you. This is asking a lot.

Gastrulation - a series of cellular migrations and differentiations that lead to the formation of the trilaminar embryo from a tiny little inner cell mass

- cranialcaudal axis of embryo is established when hypoblasts cells become columnar to form prochordal plate (the mouth)

- From the opposite end, epiblast cells proliferate to form the primative streak (gives rise to notochord and CNS)

- At the cranial end, cells condense to make the primative knot

- Cells migrate. First from dorsal embryo into the center of the primative streak, displacing hyopblasts to form endoderm. Another looser layer is created between epiblasts and endoderm, gives rise to mesoderm

Head - skull, CT/muscle tissue

Paraxial - Trunk muscles, skeleton, dermis & CT

Intermediate - Urogenital system

Lateral - CT and muscle of viscera and limbs. Serous membranes, blood, cardiovascular, spleen and adrenal cortex

Synarthosis - rigid joints composed of mostly fibrous and cartilaginous joints

Synovial - freely moving fluid filled joint 

Arises from the axial side of the medial femoral condyle, attaches to the medial edge of the popliteal notch of the tibia behind the caudal attachement of the medial meniscus.

Prevents caudal movement of the tibia beneath the femur when the limb bears weight

Place index finger at patella and thumb on seasmoid of gastrocnemius

With other hand place index finger at tibal tuberosity and thumb at fibula head

Ha! Idiot. There isn't one! 

- Ligament of the femoral head

- Accessory ligament (unique to the horse)