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Virology - rabies
viruses
35
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
06/01/2012

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Cards

Term
rabies in what family?
Definition
rhabdoviridae
Term
rabies in what genus?
Definition
lyssavirus
Term
rabies nucleocapsid =
Definition
helical, bullet shaped
Term
rabies genome =
Definition
-ssRNA

single promoter

each gene has a stop start codon
Term
rabies got an ENV?
Definition
yes with large peplomers
Term
nucleocapsid of rabies is attached to ENV via...
Definition
... m protein
Term
ENV of rabies formed from...
Definition
...budding from cell surface or ER
Term
viral polymerases of rabies start at what end of -ssRNA?
Definition
3'end and transcrive each gene in turn

Only a proportion of transcriptases move on = more RNA from 3' end than 5' end
Term
sp infected by rabies =
Definition
potentially all sp
Term
rabies in UK?
Definition
no
Term
following exposure to rabies the incubation period is how long?
Definition
14-90 days (can be longer - 7yrs in one human case)
Term
cell Rs rabies binds to =
Definition
AChR at NMJ and nerve synapses or gangliosides (sugars in high concentration in nerve ganglions)
Term
spread of rabies in body =
Definition
mm or nerve infected directly from bite. Replicate at site of entry. Once infect nerve, rabies is tarnsported along nerve axon to nerve cell body where replication occurs, then travels down axon and across synapses. virus eventually passes through s.c. and on to the CNS
Term
is rabies cytotoxic to nerve cells?
Definition
no
Term
does where you get biten by rabid animal effect onset of dz?
Definition
yes, if get bit on back leg = takes longer for rabies to travel to CNS = longer incubation period (than if bit on neck)
Term
rabies infects what in CNS?
Definition
limbic system=
-furoius excitable behaviour (in dogs, cats and horses)
-dumbness (in cattle)
-restless
- aggressive
- unable to swallow - no drinking and salivating as unable to swallow
-hyperasthesia
Term
spread of rabies by...
Definition
...bite from rabid animal as virus secreted in saliva
Term
rabies virus mainly gets lipid ENV from...
Definition
ER and builds up in cell, except in salivary duct where the virus buds from cell mb
Term
mortality of rabies infection =
Definition
100% if dont get post exposure vacc course
Term
virus spread through CNS =
Definition
centripetal

goes to neocortex (dorsal region of cerebral cortex)

=paralysis
coma
seizure
death
Term
what blocks IFN signalling?
Definition
P protein/phosphoprotein
Term
BBB in rabies infection =
Definition
stays intact so no immune effectors cant enter CNS :(
Term
how do you make attenuated rabies virus?
Definition
take away p protein = virus now induces IFN response, BBB opens so immune effectors can get into CNS to attack rabies virus
Term
Abs and Tcells involved in...
Definition
...clearing rabies virus
Term
if give attenuated virus with virulent virus =
Definition
no dz :)
Term
disadvanatge of attenuated rabies virus =
Definition
v strong inflam response with attenuated virus = encephalitis may occur :(
Term
dx of rabies
Definition
1.virus in PM brain - negri bodies in purkinje cells (low sensitivity-false +'s)
2. immunofluorescence of impression smear
3. PCR - used for speed and sensitivity
Term
what to do if got suspect rabieS?
Definition
capture animals and observe for developing sigsn
Term
if been infected with rabies give...
Definition
post-exposure tx
and vacc
Term
post exposure tx
Definition
gamma globulin
= hyperimmune serum or human monoclonal Abs - gd as no autoimmune reaction = no encephalitis
Term
rabies vacc =
Definition
inactivated virus - 6doses can prevent onset of dz :)
Term
neural rabies vacc =
Definition
used to give virus Ag from rabid brain.
-need to give a lot in peritoneal cavity
-get huge reaction to viral Ag and brain :(
-still used in 3rd wrold countries where post exposure tx and inactivated vacc is too expensive
Term
pre-exposure vacc =
Definition
inactivated vacc give to pets. Has decr incidence in pets to near 0 :)

Give to protect ppl at greatest risk only. other ppl should be ok as broken transmission link by vacc pets
Term
inactivated vacc is grown in...
Definition
...embryonic eggs
Term
strains of rabies of concern in the UK =
Definition
europian bat lyssavirus 1 & 2

DONT handle bats without gloves on
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