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-ssRNA
single promoter
each gene has a stop start codon |
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| nucleocapsid of rabies is attached to ENV via... |
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| ENV of rabies formed from... |
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Definition
| ...budding from cell surface or ER |
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| viral polymerases of rabies start at what end of -ssRNA? |
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Definition
3'end and transcrive each gene in turn
Only a proportion of transcriptases move on = more RNA from 3' end than 5' end |
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| following exposure to rabies the incubation period is how long? |
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| 14-90 days (can be longer - 7yrs in one human case) |
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| cell Rs rabies binds to = |
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Definition
| AChR at NMJ and nerve synapses or gangliosides (sugars in high concentration in nerve ganglions) |
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| spread of rabies in body = |
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Definition
| mm or nerve infected directly from bite. Replicate at site of entry. Once infect nerve, rabies is tarnsported along nerve axon to nerve cell body where replication occurs, then travels down axon and across synapses. virus eventually passes through s.c. and on to the CNS |
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| is rabies cytotoxic to nerve cells? |
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| does where you get biten by rabid animal effect onset of dz? |
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| yes, if get bit on back leg = takes longer for rabies to travel to CNS = longer incubation period (than if bit on neck) |
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| rabies infects what in CNS? |
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Definition
limbic system=
-furoius excitable behaviour (in dogs, cats and horses)
-dumbness (in cattle)
-restless
- aggressive
- unable to swallow - no drinking and salivating as unable to swallow
-hyperasthesia |
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Definition
| ...bite from rabid animal as virus secreted in saliva |
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| rabies virus mainly gets lipid ENV from... |
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Definition
| ER and builds up in cell, except in salivary duct where the virus buds from cell mb |
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| mortality of rabies infection = |
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Definition
| 100% if dont get post exposure vacc course |
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| virus spread through CNS = |
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Definition
centripetal
goes to neocortex (dorsal region of cerebral cortex)
=paralysis
coma
seizure
death |
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| what blocks IFN signalling? |
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| BBB in rabies infection = |
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| stays intact so no immune effectors cant enter CNS :( |
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| how do you make attenuated rabies virus? |
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Definition
| take away p protein = virus now induces IFN response, BBB opens so immune effectors can get into CNS to attack rabies virus |
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| Abs and Tcells involved in... |
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| if give attenuated virus with virulent virus = |
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| disadvanatge of attenuated rabies virus = |
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Definition
| v strong inflam response with attenuated virus = encephalitis may occur :( |
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Definition
1.virus in PM brain - negri bodies in purkinje cells (low sensitivity-false +'s)
2. immunofluorescence of impression smear
3. PCR - used for speed and sensitivity |
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| what to do if got suspect rabieS? |
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Definition
| capture animals and observe for developing sigsn |
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| if been infected with rabies give... |
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Definition
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gamma globulin
= hyperimmune serum or human monoclonal Abs - gd as no autoimmune reaction = no encephalitis |
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| inactivated virus - 6doses can prevent onset of dz :) |
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used to give virus Ag from rabid brain.
-need to give a lot in peritoneal cavity
-get huge reaction to viral Ag and brain :(
-still used in 3rd wrold countries where post exposure tx and inactivated vacc is too expensive |
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inactivated vacc give to pets. Has decr incidence in pets to near 0 :)
Give to protect ppl at greatest risk only. other ppl should be ok as broken transmission link by vacc pets |
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| inactivated vacc is grown in... |
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| strains of rabies of concern in the UK = |
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Definition
europian bat lyssavirus 1 & 2
DONT handle bats without gloves on |
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