Term
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Definition
v large - genome = 130-280kbp(with complex structure)
can encode over 200 proteins of which 100 are contained within the virion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does pox virus have that no other virus has? |
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Definition
-looped dsDNA
-lateral bodies
-surface microtubules
-replicates in cytoplasm (unlike other DNA viruses) |
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Term
| what do we think is involved in binding and fusion of poxvirus and host cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is in poxvirus core? |
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Definition
-RNA pol (DNA to mRNA)
-transcription factors
-poly (A) polymerase
-capping enzymes
(everything needed to replicate DNA and make mRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
activates within minutes of infection:
-mRNA synth
-transcriptiion factors
-virokine (competitive inhibitors of cell cytokine = subvert/inhibitu immune response)
-GFs
-soluble IFN Rs = block IFN on way to naughbouring cell by binding to IFN |
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Term
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Definition
-mRNA and DNA synth
-late gene transcritpion factors= activate host cell division = virus division |
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Term
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Definition
| processing of viral DNA structural proteins eg lateral bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| concatamer is a long continous loop of DNA molecule that contains multiple copies of the same DNA seq |
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Term
| 2 types of intracytoplasmic inclusion bosies of poxvirus = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
contain virus particles compacted together in mass of protein to protect virus.
Acidic inclusion dosies |
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Term
| type B inclusion bodies = |
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Definition
blue-brown
appear b4 type A
contains replicating virus = lots of DNA and nucleic acid
basic |
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Term
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Definition
| inflam of mucous mb of mouth |
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Term
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Definition
1. macule (red flat spot sue to incr BF/inflam response)
2. papule (raised red spot 1-2cm wide) due to oedema, cellular swelling and cellular prolif
3. formation of vesicles as cells loose adhesion between eachother (as cells are dieing) and inclusion bosies in cells
4. pustular lesions (small pimple/blister on epi surface containing pus)
5. vesicules/pustules rupture and ooze serum, attempt to clot = scab
6. resolution with scarring (pox mark) in 2-3wks |
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Term
| how long to pox survive in enviro? |
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Definition
yrs, espec in dessicated scab material
virus is v hardy |
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Term
| how is pox transmitted/spread? |
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Definition
-skin (surface inoculation)
-mucosal route/aerosol
-mechanical vectors - biting insects eg haematopinus suis (louse) transmits swine pox |
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Term
| why do most pox viruses have a restricted range? |
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Definition
| virokine and GFs have to match hosts |
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Term
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Definition
| strain of pox virus used to vaccinate against small pox |
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Term
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Definition
| unclear. Not cowpox, but will grow on cow and cause pox lesions on teats and udder |
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Term
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Definition
| outbreaks of pox lesions on teats and udders of water buffalo in India and egypt |
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Term
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Definition
| rodent virus, which may spread to cows or cats (but rare to see in cat), humans or zoo animals |
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Term
| reservoir of cowpox in UK = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
higher in autumn when population of young susceptible animals reaches its peak, and theres lots of mice around
young more susceptible to pox |
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Term
| infection of cowpox in cows = |
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Definition
| localised to teat and udder |
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Term
| how is cowpox spread between cows? |
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Definition
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Term
| cowpox seen in what aged cats? |
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Definition
| young cats only. A sonce recovered = life long immunity |
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Term
| why do cats become infected with cowpox? |
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Definition
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Term
| primary lesion sof cowpox in ctas = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.often goes unreported and reaolves in a few days
2. can become generalised with widespread skin lesions - recovery takes 6-8wks
3. can get pulm spread and pneumonia = usually fatal :( often associated with immunosupression, eg cats with FIV or FeLV |
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Term
| why does the pulmonary form of cowpox often occur in cheetahs? |
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Definition
| cheetahs have inadequate MHC 1 = not much variation in Tcell epitpoe capacity = limited capacity to defend against different pathogens |
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Term
| myxomatosis virus is a virus from... |
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Definition
| ...wild S American rabbits causing benign fibroma |
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Term
| in EU rabbits myxomatosis causes... |
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Definition
| ...severe highly fatal dz |
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Term
| is myxo highly infectious and contagious? |
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Definition
| highly infectious but NOT highly contagious (wont get myxo by standing next to another rabbit) |
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Term
| virulent myxo strains cause |
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Definition
-blepharoconjunctivitis (inflam of eye and conjunctiva)
-swelling around muzzle and anogenital region)
-fever, depression
-rapid detah in 48-72hrs |
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Term
| les virulent myxo strains = |
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Definition
-slower progression of dz
-development of gelatinous subcut swelling over entire body
-death in 7-12days |
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Term
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Definition
...fleas mechanically in rabbit burrow
substantial evidence for mosquito spread in UK as dz can occur in domestic rabbits where theres been no contact with wild rabbits |
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Term
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Definition
-clinical signs
-EM (can see lateral bodies)
-virus isolation on rabbit cell culture or embryonated eggs |
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Term
| vacc's available for domestic pet rabbits against myxo = |
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Definition
-attenuated
-related shope fibroma virus |
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Term
| avipoxvirus is found in... |
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Definition
...chickens (fowlpox)
...turkeys and ducks (turkeypox) |
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Term
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Definition
...mosquitos and lice mechanically
...or aerosol |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| avipox infection is localised to... |
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Definition
| ...comb and wattle or legs |
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Term
| aerosol spread of avipox virus causes |
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Definition
pulm form of dz = diptheritic fowlpox
mortality up to 50% in severe outbreaks |
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Term
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Definition
-clinical signs
-EM (can see lateral bodies)
-virus isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| live attenuated skin prick vacc given to pullets (hens <1yr old) at 7wks old |
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Term
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Definition
| racing or show pigeons presumably acquired from wild/feral flocks |
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Term
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Definition
attenuated live vacc
-admin by brushing into open follicles after plucking out 6-8feathers from loew leg or breast
-admin to birds over 5wks old (can be used to control an outbreak in birds over 5wks of age) |
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Term
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Definition
| crisscross pattern (a ball of twine) |
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Term
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Definition
| orf - contagious pustular dermatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| worldwide condition in sheep |
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Term
| infection of orf occurs where on body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-more proliferative than orthopox virus (eg cowpox = an ot=rthopox virus)
-following minor trauma lesions bleed (due to virus producing an endothelial GF (virokine) that activates bv prolif) |
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Term
| infection of orf is more severe in... |
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Definition
...lambs - infect gums, tongue and buccal mucosa = prevent suckling = weight loss
also lesions on ewes teat can stop lambs suckling as painful for ewes AND can transmit orf to lambs face if lamb allowed to suckle by ewe |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| problems yr after yr affecting susceptible lambs |
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Term
| orf infection on humans = |
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Definition
| nodular lesions that last for several wks |
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Term
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Definition
1. live attenuated
-still qu virulent
-only use in endemic flocks (can be used to control outbreaks)
-scratch application onto skin on ewes axilla/front leg as less risk to lamb cf back leg
-give no less/no closer than 7wks b4 lambing
-12 months protection
-no colostral immunity = protection NOT transferred to lambs
-can vacc lamb on axilla if neccessary |
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Term
| bovine parapoxvirus/pseudocowpox is more or less severe than cowpox? |
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Definition
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Term
| what shape lesion does bovine parapoxvirus/pseudocowpox cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| bovine parapoxvirus/pseudocowpox causes what in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| bovine parapoxvirus/pseudocowpox is v similar to... |
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Definition
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Term
| bovine papular stomatitis is seen in... |
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Definition
...calves and cause proliferative lesions in mouth and on muzzle
generally less severe than orf in sheep |
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