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Virology - papillomavrus
viruses
35
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
06/01/2012

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Term
papillomavirus ENV?
Definition
no!
Term
papillomavirus genome =
Definition
dsDNA
Term
papillomavirus nucleocapsid =
Definition
icosahedral

made up of 2 proteins - one v abundant protein and one less abundant

solid capsid to protect virus from UV light
Term
canine papillomavirus causes...
Definition
...multiple veruuchas and warts around lips gums and orpharynx

mild
Term
equine papillomavirus most commonly found on...
Definition
...face/muzzle, ears (flat thickening of skin), genital warts

in young horses
Term
alot of research into Bovine papillomavirus (BPV). Why?
Definition
to se eif BPV predisposes to cancer
Term
type1/2 BPV =
Definition
fibropapillomas on skin in young cattle
sarcoids in horses
Term
fibropapillomas infect and activate...
Definition
...fibroblasts (in hypodermis) and epi cells (keratinised layer of dermis)
Term
type 3 BPV =
Definition
cutaneous papilloma (infect skin epi)
Term
type 4 BPV =
Definition
papilloma of GIT (malignant) = transforms to bovine alimentary papilloma (squamous cell)carcinoma due to insertion of viral oncogenes into host cell DNA

lesions in keratinised epi of oesoph and rumen

associated with eating bracken fern (full of carcinogens)
Term
type 5 BPV =
Definition
fibropapillomas of teat
Term
type 6 BPV =
Definition
papillomas of teats
Term
why and how do you remove warts on cow teats?
Definition
can cause pain when knocked by cluster = cow kicks clusters = nuisance so remove them by caustic substance eg sialicylic acid
Term
mech of papillomavirus causing warts =
Definition
episomal DNA (virus DNA in host cell cytoplasm) makes proteins that go off and effect host cell DNA eg viral transcription factor E2
Term
t limits papillomavirus cell infection?
Definition
particular cellular transcription factors are req/needed by the virus - thereofre virus can only infect cells which have these transcription factors
Term
early viral proteins =
Definition
NSPs that incr prolif of basal layers = alter cell growth
Term
late viral proteins =
Definition
structural - make up virus capsid
Term
what activates trnascriptioin of late viral genes?
Definition
keratinocytes maturing/ cells dieing
Term
BPV pathology is mainly due to...
Definition
...E5, E6, E7 viral oncoproteins (from viral oncogene which has been intergrated into euk cell genome)
Term
e5, E6 and E7 oncoprotiens cause...
Definition

...incr cell growth and differentiation by binding close to host cell promoter genes = alter host cell growth pattern = incr cell replication = incr viral DNA and replication AND incr risk of cancer

also stop cntact inhibition

Term
BPV 1 location on body =
Definition
brisket
Term
BPV 2 location on body =
Definition
neck of calves
Term
spread of papillomavirus =
Definition
direct contact or contact with infected material
Term
enzootic haematuria =
Definition
1. BPV 2 = warts on surface of skin and bladder epi = latent infection
2. bracken fern compounds reactivate BPV2 and lead to further neoplastic change
3. tumours in bladder = ulcer and hameorrage = haematuria
Term
difference between equine sarcoids and warts
Definition
sarcoids are persistant whereas warts are transient
Term
equine sarcoids is associated with...
Definition
...BPV type 1 & 2
Term
4 diff types of equine sarcoids lesion =
Definition
1. fibropapilloma
2. verrucose (warty process)
3. occult (concealed)
4. peri-ocular (around eye)
Term
equine sarcoids can develop into...
Definition
...serious skin tumours :(
Term
do effected horses with equine sarcoids seroconvert?
Definition
no
Term
are there late proteins present/made in equine sarcoids
Definition
was thought that there wasnt, but this means equine sarcoids would have to be transmitted from cows, but horses can get equine sarcoids even when had no contact with a cow at all.
Term
horses with equine sarcoids which then get BPV 1 & 2 =
Definition
dont reject virus - they are immunotolerant to BPV 1 & 2
Term
get extensive CD4+ and CD8+ Tcell infiltartion to site of equine sarcoids infection so why isnt immune system getting rid of the virus??
Definition
regulatory T cells shut down host immune response against the virus. Get extensice FoxP3 expression (FoxP3 =reg Tcell) in Tcells, tumour cells and fibroblatss
Term
think equine sarcoids is =
Definition
BPV 1 & 2 in transmission, trying to sp jump from bovine to equine

Evidence for this is fly musca autumnalis has BPV DNA in it
Term
what fly is associted with equine sarcoids ?
Definition
Musca autumnalis
Term
tx of equine sarcoids
Definition
1.surgical tx - but may reoccur :(
2.immunotherapy - BCG (= rod bacteria injected into lesions = stim inflam response and activate immunity = 60% regress - breaks tolerance in horses and incr immunity)
autigenous vacc with adjuvent made from sarcoids tissue
3.cytotoxic creams kill sarcoids
4. therapeutic vacc amke late/structural proteins in isolation = capsid and no DNA = non-infectious virus that activates immunity - limited success as ideally want immune response to early proteins
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