Term
|
Definition
o Paramixovirus
• Morbillivirus |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
• M – protein – no virulence importance, but used to recognize
• Enveloped Virus
• G protein
o Attachment Function
• Fusion Protein
o Fuses infected cell to adjacent UNAFFECTED cell → virus walks to form syncytium |
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Term
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Definition
• Lymphoid Phase
• Epithelial Phase |
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Term
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Definition
o Aerosol Inoculation → Lymphnodes/Thymus for PRIMARY REPLICATION → Causes Immunosuppression → DISSEMINATION VIREMIA → all over and CNS (this step is host dependent ) URINARY BLADDER is good to submit for sampling.
o Goes to EPITHELIAL CELLS for second Phase can be a multisystemic disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
o Survival
• Persistent Infection
• Restricted Infection |
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Term
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Definition
• Nasal Discharge
• CNS signs
• Chewing gum fits
• Hyperkeratosis +/-
• Hard pads on their feet → epithelial cells proliferate
• Enamel Hypoplasia +/- |
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Term
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Definition
o Take conjunctiva smears → cytoplasmic inclusions of FA +/-
o HARD to do Virus Replication
o Rt-PCR – USE THIS !!!!!
o If late in clinical sample → VN test with paired SA |
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Term
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Definition
o Form Syncytium (giant cell)
• Mediated by Fusion Protein
• How it avoids the immune system
o We can differentiate from vaccine strain vs. Wild strain |
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Term
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Definition
o Killed Vaccines = NOT EFFECTIV
o Use MLV 9 and 12 weeks
o In Ferrets NO MLV – will kill
• Use Canarypox Recombinant expressing H and F genes |
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Term
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Definition
• VERY close cousin to Equine H3N8 – vaccines don’t work.
• Equine jumped over to dog – changes in H gene |
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Term
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Definition
o Respiratory Dz
• Large Droplet Aerosol
• Fomites
• Direct Mucosal Contact needed b/c Transmission is not very efficient |
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Term
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Definition
o COMES FAST GOES FAST
• Clinical signs in 2-4 days
• Shed virus for 7- 10 days after onset of clinical signs
• 20% do not show clinical signs
• but can still be source of virus |
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Term
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Definition
o MILD FORM
• Coughing
• Nasal Discharge
• Low-grade Fever
• Usually resolves on own |
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Term
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Definition
o SEVERE FORM
• FEVER – 104 – 106
• Tachypnea, dyspnea, Hemoptysis – not just coughing anymore!
• Hemorrhage in lung – Gross lesions
• DEATH in 4-6 hrs
• 5-8% in high risk pop get severe form but only 1% die
o Histologic lesions
• Tracheitis, Bronchitis, bronchiolitis , Supperative bronchiopnemonia
• Can see lung consolidation
• Can get 2˚ infections with severe so antibiotics could be helpful |
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Term
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Definition
• Differential Diagnosis
• Kennel Cough – B. Bronchiseptica and Canine Parainflueza virus ( usually). Many other players in kennel cough. |
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Term
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Definition
o Inactivated Vaccines
• Don’t use other species vaccines → fatal reaction |
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Term
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Definition
o Family Rhabdovirus
o Genus Lyssavirus |
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Term
|
Definition
• Bullet-Shaped
• Enveloped
o NEG-Sense RNA
• Major Glycprotein on capsule |
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Term
|
Definition
o Viral components
• ACETYCHOLINE receptor has receptor function
• The virus takes advantage of this and enters cell through pinocytosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
host range
o Fox, wolves, Raccoons (not in MI), bats, skunks, cats, dogs, horses, Cattle, Humans
o Most important species in Michigan = BATS …. Fuck bats
• For terrestrial animals = Skunks
o In U.S.
• Raccoons >Skunks>Bats>foxes |
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Term
|
Definition
o Virus via Saliva or bite
o Local replication in MYOCYTES (local buildup in muscle)
o NO VIREMIA WITH RABIES!!!!!!!
• Strictly a nervous pathway to spread rabies to CNS and back |
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Term
|
Definition
o Time to get to brain = Incubation time
• Depends on
• Anatomical location of bite
• Amount of Virus deposited in bite wound
• Immune Status of the Animal
• Rapid dissemination once virus reaches the brain |
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Term
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Definition
ACINAR CELLS of salivary gland → Sheds Virus in the saliva
• ILLNESS = 1 WK . |
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Term
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Definition
o Prodromal Phase Dogs (1st Phase more behavioral)
• Apprehension
• More Nervous than normal
• Anxiety
• Pupil dilation and abnormal pupillary and palpebral reflexes
• Pruritus at site of bite
• Variable fever |
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Term
|
Definition
o Furious Phase Dogs (Phase 2) – Brain involvement
• Forebrain Involvement
• Increased response to visual and auditory stimuli
• Photophibia,
• Hyperestesia – react more to touch
• Muscle incoordination
• Develop seizures and die or go into a ahort paralytic stage and die |
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Term
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Definition
o Prodromal Phase Cats (phase 2)
• Fever Spikes (more than dogs ) |
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Term
|
Definition
o Furious Phase
• Cats develop Furious phase more consistently
• Will strike anything → Vicious
• Muscle tremors
• Incoordination/Weak |
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Term
|
Definition
o Paralytic Phase (cats and Dogs
• 2-4 days after onset of signs
• LMN paralysis
• Asccending
• When the brainstem is involved causes laryngeal paralysis (changes bark), painful, hypersalivation, dropped jaw or choking sound. |
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Term
|
Definition
o Post-mortem
• Send whole animal head
• Do FA test or RT-PCR
• Monoclonal Antibody testing to type strain
• Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, also calles Negri bodies |
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Term
|
Definition
o Pre-exposure treatment of dog/cats
• Start VAX at 3-4 mo of age
• 15-16 months of age
• Revax 1 year after 1st vaccinatio– Important
• Repeat vac 1- 3 years |
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Term
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Definition
| o Parvovirdae → Parvoviridae |
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Term
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Definition
| • Feline Panleukopenia Virus is very similar (ataxia can be seen in kittens – Differrent that dogs) |
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Term
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Definition
o – sense ssDNA
• NO ENVELOPE |
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Term
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Definition
| o Need Mitotically active cells – in S phase |
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Term
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Definition
o FECAL – ORAL route
o FOMITES
• Don’t underestimate fomites b/c 1. Large amount shed in feces and 2. Difficulty to inactivate parvo virus |
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Term
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Definition
o Ingestion → Replication in tonsils/regional LN tissues of oropharynz → VIREMIA (activation of humoral Antibodies in blood stream)
• Because antibodies are in blood stream that could be an effective vaccination strategy (unlike Herpes)
o Goes to MITOTICALLY ACTIVE CELLS: Lymphoid tissue → Bone Marrow → GALT → Intestinal CRYPT CELLS of jejunum and Ileum , Myocardium (pups) |
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Term
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Definition
• Necrosis of GALT → Causes IMMUNOSUPRESSION b/c its lymphoid tissue
• Cells Debris and Dialation of Crypts
• Blunting of Villi
• 2˚ because damage of CRYPT CELLS
o BOTH b and T cells are affected
• Neutropenia and Lymphopenia
o Recovery and Possible 2˚ bacterial infections |
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Term
|
Definition
o Typically Affected @ 6-20 weeks old
• B4 that lots of passive and population immunity
o Depressed, Anorexic, lethargic, fever, Vomit (reflex), diarrhea (can be bloody) |
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Term
|
Definition
• Hemorrhagic regions of small intestine – not uniform areas of hyperemia
• BLACK lumen of Small Intestine – Melena |
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Term
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Definition
• Direct FA or Immunohistory chem
• Wont see antigen at tips of villi
• Antigen detection ELSIA – Do in Clinic
• Intestinal Immune response to parvo comes up FAST → creates antigen-AB complev
• If do rapid test towards end of clinical disease will get FALSE NEGATIVE – b/c antigen is already bound to AB
• PCR – even if complexed can still test for
• HI test on sera (b/c Hemmagglutinating virus) → do test for Antibodies to Parvo |
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Term
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Definition
• MLV or inactivated
• MLV – induce more rapid and longer lasting immunity
• Pups get 90% maternal AB from colodtrum
• Passive AB levels are at masimun @ 3 days and then decline w/ ½ life of 9 days |
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Term
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Definition
• PASSIVE-IMMUNITY probleim
• Make more virulent
• Increase immunizing dose
o Low passage – High dose MLV vaccine to overcome passive immunity |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
o Herpesviridae
• Alphaherpesvirinae
• Genus = Varicellovirus |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
o Syndrome #1 = RHINOPNEUMONITIS
• Respiratory syndrome |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
• Clinical Signs of Rhinopneumonitis
• Fever, inappetance, Lethargia
• Hindlimb edema (maybe)
• Submandibular and retropharyngeal LN enlargement (Like strangles)
• Nasal discharge → serous and then mucopurulent
o LESIONS are seen in Mucous Membranes of URT (can be in lungs)
• TROPISMS
• EPITHELIAL
o 2˚ bacterial infections → more severe signs |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
| o Syndrome #2 = Abortion and Perinatal Disease |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
• Abortion/ Neurological = Only EHV 1
• All occur from exposure in-utero |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
• Abortions occur WEEKS TO MONTHS after infection
• Hard to make connection from short respiratory dz months/weeks ago and the abortion |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
| • Mares that have been effected have short immunity and can get reinfected (respiratory) but Abortions are RARE! |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
| o Syndrome #3 = Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalitis (EHM) |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
• Seen neurological in Prego or recently foaled mares
o Incubation time = 4-7 days |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
o Fever and serous nasal discharge are often 1st signs (has to get it)
o Several days later there is acute onset of ATAXIA and Weakness of trunk and hind limbs (esp)
• Other :urinary distention, tail weakness, fecal retention
o Signs of cranial nerve involvement are uncommon |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
• With EHM - Virus causes vasculitis: thrombo-occlusice hemorrhage → Cuts off blood supply → Down stream Hypoxia
o WHAT THE PATHOLOGY
o Virus replicating in endothelium of blood vessel |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
• Level of Viremia
• HIGHER with the Paralytic Stains (EHV1)
• LOWER with the Abortion Strains (EHV-1) |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
|
Definition
o Exposure of virus containing aerosol
• Incubation 4 – 7 days
o Virus replicates in epithelial cells of resp tract
• Basement membrane – Differentiated whimpy vs. non-wimpy Herpes virues
• Drill though BM → Associatied with Lymphoid cells (TROPISM # 2) Lymphocytes are Trojan horses!
o Infected Leukocytes → Blood Stream → Placenta → Fetal Circulation (can take Weeks!) |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
• Virus Isolation (nasal + whole blood combination)
• Do both b/c if at tail end wont be in nasal – vice versa |
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Term
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 and 4 |
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Definition
| o CMI is more protective that Humoral immunity |
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Term
|
Definition
• + RNA (is a mRNA)
• Trimer of GP on Envelope |
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Term
|
Definition
| • 70-90% SEROPOSITIVE among Standardbreds Mares and Stallions |
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Term
|
Definition
o Acute Phase
• Resp and Venereal Transmission
• HAS RESP Component |
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Term
|
Definition
o Carrier State
• Venereal Only
• Via SEMEN of carrier Stallion |
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Term
|
Definition
o Infection
• SUB-CLINICAL infection is common
• NO signs!
o If do show clinical signs
• Usually Very Young and Very Old |
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Term
|
Definition
o Acute Clinical Signs
• Text book but rarely seen
• Fever, Leukopenia, Anorexia, Depression
• EDEMA (hind limb, periorbital, Scrotum, Mammary)
o Affinity for small arteries
• Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis
• Skin Rash (neck/face) |
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Term
|
Definition
• In EARLY or LATE gestation (herpes is only late!)
o Abortions through gestation
• Abortion will be Linked to RESPIRATORY phase
o Unlike herpes (resp phase was months b4) |
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Term
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Definition
• Acute Infection → Long-term PERSISTENT INFECTIOn in 30-60% of Standardbreds, but NOT in MARES
o Stallions have to be Sexually Mature to be Persistently Infected . |
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Term
|
Definition
o Virus enters via aerosol → Nasopharynx →Replicates in LN there → VIREMIA → other body Tissues
• Semen of Stallions – long term
• Through Placenta → Abortion
• Not long interval after exposure that Abortion occurs |
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Term
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Definition
• EAV → EAV in M-phages (Lymphoid Phase) → Endothelium of small vessels → VIREMIA
• Causes carrier state
• Causes damage to Blood Vessels → Infection on fetus /Abortion
• Can also go to kidney to renal tubular cells and shed in urine |
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Term
|
Definition
o Fetus Outcomes: 2 possibilities
• Uninfected
• When send in fetal tissues for sampling will come back NEGATIVE
• b/c fetus died off of Hypoxia (occlusion of Blood vessels)
• Infected
• Virus goes into fetal tissues and Infects
• Tissue samples will be + |
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Term
|
Definition
• Edema
• Congestion and Hemorrhages in SQ tissues, LN, Vicera
• Yellow/clear exsudate in body cavities
• Affected neonates have hemorrhages and lung congestion
• Late and wont survive very long |
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Term
|
Definition
Vasculitis
• Fibrinoid Necrosis of Tunica Media (Muscle layer of vessel)
• Perivascular edema (edema around vessels)
• Endothelium to Muscle layer |
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Term
|
Definition
• Immunohistochemistry
• Vascular intimal (endotheliu) and medial (muscle) necrosis
• Pericascular Lymphocytic cuffing and edema
• EAV Antigen diffusing from endothelium to tunica media |
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Term
|
Definition
| o Carrier Stallion = Reservoir |
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Term
|
Definition
o Use PCR or VI
• Semen
• Send refrigerated or on dry ice |
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Term
|
Definition
o Virus Isolation
• Naropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs |
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Term
|
Definition
o MLV
• Safe for stallions and NON-prego mares
• ARvac – Pfizer |
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Term
|
Definition
o Envelpedm ssRNA
o Myxoviridae |
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Term
|
Definition
• H3N8
• Antigenic drift (pt mutations0 – both H3N8
o American Lineage
o European Lineage |
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Term
|
Definition
o Aerosolized resp secretions
• Upto 50 yards
o Most common is introduction of new animal that is shedding virus
o Short incubation 1-3 days
• Shedding of infectious virus diung incubation and continues for 4-5 days after clinical signs
• 20% of infections are SUB-Clinical (no signs) – but shedding!!
• MAXIMUM shedding in first 24-48 Hours of FEVER
• EPIdemiology
• Risk is higher in younger horses |
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Term
|
Definition
o Fever
o Coughing – More serious than EHV1/4 or EAV
• Nasal Discharge
• Lung Involvement
• Wipes out Ciliated Epithelium Qiuckly
• Pretty serious!
o Depression
o Muscle coreness
o Regional LN enlargement
o Recovery in healthy adult horses in 1-2 weeks
• GIVE 1 week of rest for EVERY DAY of fever the horse had |
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Term
|
Definition
• Swab + History
• Nasopharyngeal swab
• Protect sample! |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| o Vaccines should contain CURRENTLY CIRCULATING STRAINS – both strains |
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Term
|
Definition
• MLV Vaccines – standard
• Both humoral and CMI are activated
• MLV + temp sensitive
• Temp sensitive (only replicates in URT)
• Inactivated Vaccines
• Adults
• Boosters every 6 – 12 mo
o b/c less immunogenic
• Recombinant Vaccine
• Canarypox one used in Australia
o Expresses HA
• Use so you can differentiate between vaccinated and infected
o DIVA
• Diff infected vs. Vaccinated Antigen |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Togaviridae
• AlphaVirus |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Most Susceptible Species
• Horses
• Humans
• Pheasants
• Partridges
• Emus
• Pigs |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o VECTOR TRANSMISSION
• Mosquitos
• 2 types
o Culisetta Mekanra = Bird to Bird
o Coquelletidia Pertubans = Birds to Mammalian |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Direct Bird to Bird
• Enough Viremia to transmit via PECKING in pheasants |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Peak incidence
• Aug – September
• Needs anough time to build up in birds and
• Need right type of mosquito to transmit |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
• Primary Summer time enzoonotic Ccle
• Cycled between wild birds
o Via Culiseta Melanura |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
• 2nd Cycle
• Pheasants
o Transmitted via pecking |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
• Epizoonotic – Epidemic Cycle
• Wild birds transmit to OTHER mosquito
• Aedes Solicitans, Aedes vexans, Coquilettadia pertubans
o Infects Horses
• Horse = DEAD END HOST (unlike birds)
• Can die form it, but will NOT Transmit to other horses b/e low level of VIREMIA |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Life cycle in Mosquitos
• Female Mosquito gets blood meal from infected bird
• Mosquito digests the meal for several days and then will lay eggs. During that time the virus moves up from the gut into SALIVARY glands and replicates
• After eggs laid → seeks another meal
• Mosquito is a mechanical and BIOLOGICAL VECTOR |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o 1˚ VIREMIA → replication in EXTRA-NEURAL TISSUES
• Fever
• Depression
• Anorexia
• Viral Excretion in aerosols, Urine |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o 2 possibilities after 1˚ Viremia
• 1. NO secondary Viremia (A)
• 2. 2˚ Viremia (B)
• BAD scenario b/c can then go to brain
o Passive Diffusion through Endothelium
o Active Replication in Endothelial Cells |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Clinical Signs Of 2˚ Viremia
• High Fever
• NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS
• Paralysis – Lips and Pharynx
• Drooping eyelids
• Cranial Nerve Invovement
• Incoordination = sitting on hindquarters
• Ataxia, Abnormally wide stance
• Like EHM → but this doesn’t have cranial nerve
• 90% MORTALITY = DIE! |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Difference in A vs. B
• A
• will only have 1 spike in fever
• Low Viremia
• Good Antibody response
• B
• 2 spikes in fever
• High Viremia
• Delayed Antibody response |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
o Pheasants are sentinels
• Culiseta Melanura feeds on infected birds
• Transmits virus to pheasants
• Pheasants develop HIGH VIREMIA and Paralysis
• Efficient transmission between pheasants by pecking |
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
most DEADLY Mosquito-borne disease in U.S.
• Much worse that West Nile
• If don’t die can still have neurological deficits |
|
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Term
| Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
Definition
• Lower morbidity and milder
• Fatality rate
o 20-30% Equine
o 10% Humans |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Flavivirdae
• Flavivirus |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Vector Borne Disease
• Spread among birds
• Then can spread Humans
• Use Different mosquitos like EEE |
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Term
|
Definition
o Horses and Humans are Dead-End Hosts
• Viremia is not high enough |
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Term
|
Definition
• Esp. fatal in crows, blue jays, ravens
• Birds have high level of viremia for 1-4 days
• This creates the chance for transmission |
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Term
|
Definition
o Birds
• Corvids are most susceptible
• Acute Clinical Signs
• Just Drop dead |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Horses
• Seen mostly in Older Horses
• NEUROLOGICAL DZ
• Acute onset of ataxia
• Muscle Fasciculations
• Hind limb weakness
• NO/lowFEVER
• Will see Cranial Nerve signs
o Tongue Paralysis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Humans
• Subclincal
• Fever
• Meningeocephalitis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Horses
• Brain
• Non-suppurative encephalomyelitis
• Perivascular cuffs (typical of viruses)
• Glial Nodules and Focal gliosis in the grey Matter
• Spinal Cord
• Neuronal degeneration
• Gliosis
• Encephilits |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Clinical Signs
• Not enough
o Gross and Histopath
• Not enough
o Virus Isolation
• Dangerous
o Immunohistochemistry
• Good b/c can use formalin fixed specimens (safer)
• Look for viral antigen
o IgM capture Elisa
• Use on horses that are neurological
• Submit serum
• IgM (first arm of immune response)
• Use Anti-equine IgM
• It captures equine IgM
• Add West Nile Anigen
o Part of that binds to the Horses Igm
• Then add indicator Antibody to bind to other side of antigen
• Can use on ACUTE horses |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Plaque reduction Neutralization test
• Use a lot
• Check for antibody |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Inactivated Whole Virus Vaccine + Adjuvant
o Recombinant Vector Vaccine
• Gene that encodes neutralizing Antibody
o Modified-live Chimera vaccine
• Flavivirus vector
• Is recombinant vaccine too |
|
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Term
|
Definition
• Spike Protein on envelope
• ** Neutralizing antibodies target Spike Protein!
o 3abc Gene |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mutations can occur in PI animals b/c RNA polymerase does a shitty ass job |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| • FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITINITS |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| o IMMUNE COMPLEX DiSEASE (vasculitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o There is a mutation in the 3abc region
• Specifically the 3c
• Causes altered tropism |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| o Altered tropism needed for it to change from strictly enterocytes → change to Macrophages |
|
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Term
|
Definition
• Virus gets disseminated to via M-phages in the bloodstream
• FIP forms antigen-Antibody Immune complex in tissues
• Complement Fixation INCREASES vascular permibility via release of vaso active amine.
• This allows N-phils to pass though |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| o Antigen-Dependent Enhancement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Corona Virus + Antibody Complex
• M-Phage has an FC receptor which means it can bind to complex and engulf
• Some how survive with in M-Phages |
|
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Term
|
Definition
o Most commn in YOUNG 2> and Older cats
• Not common in middle aged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Effusive Form (WET FORM)
• Circulation of LARGE AMOUNT of VIRUS → Results in lots of Immune Complexes → DESTROYS a lot of Blood Vessls
• LEAKAGE of FLUID
• CMI response is insufficient
o Humural Immunity (antibodies in blood stream is not really important)
o CMI doesn’t come in time
• Formation of Ascites Fluid
o Exsudate – Rich in Plasma Proteins but not cells |
|
|
Term
| FELINE CORONA VIRUS - FIP WET |
|
Definition
• Clinical Signs of Effusive Form
• FEVER
• Weight loss, Anemic
• Pale MM
• PAINLESS abdominal distension
• Pleural and pericardial effusions in 20% of cases
• STRAW COLORED ABDOMINAL FLUID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Granulomatous Form
• Pathogenesis
• Fewer circulating immune complexes OR immune complexes don’t attach to endothelial cells OR don’t Fix Compliment well.
• Low-Level CMI response →
o CMI has a chanvce b/c slower onset
• Development of Granulomatous lesions
o Attempt by body to eliminate virus
• Still causes death but slower |
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Term
| FELINE CORONA VIRUS - FIP Dry |
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Definition
• Most common in abdominal cavity
o Fever
o Progressive weight loss
o Multiple Granulomas in mesentery
o Lesions over multiple organs in abdomen
o Hemorrhages on Kidneys (granulomas) |
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Term
| FELINE CORONA VIRUS - FIP Dry |
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Definition
• CNS
o Behavioral changes
o Ataxia
o Paresis/Paralysis
• Cerebrum is edematous |
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Term
| FELINE CORONA VIRUS - FIP Dry |
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Definition
• Ocular Lesions
o Ocular Uveitis
o Anterior Uveitis |
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Term
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Definition
• Histology
• M-Phages with intense cytoplasmic staining
o Target cell = Mphage
o Intercytoplasmic b.c virus |
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Term
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Definition
o RT-PCR
• Not messed up with complexes
• If + for corona virus
• DO NOT ASSUME it is + for FIP
• Some could be leaking out of intestines and only Corona |
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Term
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Definition
• Temperature Sensitive Mutant Vaccine
• Intranasal
o Virus comes in though oral cavity
o Selectively replicates in nasal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| • NO SUCH THING as a specific FIP vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
• CMI needs to be Targeted!! (
• Induction of Th1 responses would
• NOT HUMORAL
o B/c antibody production actually ENHANCES the uptake into M-Phage !!!
o Intranasal best |
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Term
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Definition
| genus gammretrovirus (highly conserved) |
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Term
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Definition
a) gag – group-assoc-gene, encodes p27 which is detected in dxtest
b) pol – encodes reverse transcriptase, readymade in virus
c) env – encodes for envelope, diff’t strains (A, B, C, all have A) |
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Term
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Definition
5. dsDNA – incorporated into host genome
6. Provirus formed – viral DNA incorporated in host cell
7. Every time cell divides, provirus replicates w/it – latent cats have provirus in their cells |
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Term
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Definition
- Production of Infectious Virus
1. Occurs in 1/3 of cats
2. Provirus used as template – mRNA made, then viral proteins
3. Viral proteins migrate to host cell membrane
4. Assembly → Budding |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Free-roaming, young (1-5y) male cat |
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Term
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Definition
| 2. Age-related susceptibility – most in kittens 8-12w, older cats only if imm-suppressed or high dose |
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Term
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Definition
| 2. Acutely Immunosuppressive |
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Term
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Definition
| 3. Infects wide range of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 4. Large quantities of virus & Ag present |
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Term
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Definition
1. Progressive – 1/3
2. Regressive – 2/3 (neg on ELISA)
3. Atypical Localized – rare/5% |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Proliferative Dzs – lymphoma, T cell leukemia, myeloid dysplasia, myelofibrosis (non-malig), osteosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| 2. Degenerative Dzs – lymphopenias, anemia (non-reg, macrocytic/normochromic), neutropenia, enteritis, abortion/infertility, imm-complex glomerulonephritis/azotemia (↑s urea) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3. Infection Site Sarcomas – poss due to inflmm from adjuvant, |
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Term
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Definition
detects viral Ag
1. *ELISA or CITE – detects soluble p27 Ag |
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Term
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Definition
| 2. IFA/Hardy Test – detects cellular p27 Ag w/in cells in blood smear, less reliable (false +/-) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3. PCR – good b/c you can test for provirus and it’s highly conserved, so not a lot of variability, also picks up regressively-infected cats |
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Term
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Definition
| genus lentivirus, poorly conserved |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Free-roaming older male cats (5-10y) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3. Chronically Immunosuppressive |
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Term
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Definition
| 4. Infects narrow range of cells – lymphocytes, monocytes/macΦs, astrocytes, microglial, endothelial |
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Term
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Definition
Phases of Infection
1. Acute – weeks-months, lymphadenopathy, fever, neutropenia, freq undetected
2. Asymptomatic – years, no signs, when Ab most readily-detected
3. Symptomatic – months-years, lymphadeopathy, 2° infections, tumors |
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Term
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Definition
1. ↓ CD4:CD8 ratio
2. Lymphandenopathy
3. B Cell Lymphoma
4. Neutropenia, anemia
5. Pyrexia
6. Bacterial Inf
7. Stomatitis & gingivitis (common)
8. Plasmacytosis (hyperglobulinemia)
9. Neurologic
10. Misc tumors (carcinomas, sarcomas) |
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Term
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Definition
1. ELISA/CITE is best – detects Ab NOT Ag, rapid & commercially available
a) Minimum 60 days post-exposure for it to show up
b) False positives major concern – vaccinated animals, maternal Abs until 6m
2. Western Blot- can be used to confirm an ELISA+
3. PCR – not used/standardized, false-negs (b/c genome poorly conserved) |
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