Term
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Definition
BHV 1, 2, & 5
EHV 1, 3 & 4
caprine herpes virus
FHV1 |
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Term
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Definition
bovine malignant catarrhal fever
alcelaphine herpes virus 1
BHV 4
EHV 2 & 5 |
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Term
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Definition
dsDNA
LARGEST genome >70genes
-Unique long segment
-Unique short segement
-terminal repeats
-internal repeats |
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Term
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Definition
| yes, with glycoprotein peplomers that guide cell virus interactions and mediate ENV fusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Unique regions of herpes dsDNA code for... |
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Definition
| ...large no.s of structural proteins and many of the enzymes involved in viral replication |
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Term
| immunity to herpes virus = |
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Definition
1. neutralisign Ab and ADCC
2. IFn alpha virus spread (inhibit infection and replication but promote latent infection)
3. cyttotoxic Tcells clear infection |
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Term
| evasion of hosts immunity by herpes virus = |
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Definition
1. virus proteins not expressed on cell surface
2. IFN induced latency
3. block Ag processing and MHC mediated killing
4. virokines eg viral IL10 - reg cytokine =turns down/limits immune exposure
5. chemokine binding viral proteins = inhibti chemotaxis |
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Term
| herpes infects cell by fusion with cell mb and then where does dsDNA go? |
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Definition
| into host cell nucleus as an episome (circular dsDNA) |
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Term
| phased gene expression in lytic herpes infection = |
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Definition
| 1. alpha proteins (early genes that shut off host transcription fatcors) 2. beta proteins (some involved in DNA synth and concatamer production, inhibti alpha protein production) 3. gamma proteins (structural proteins, virus assembled) |
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Term
| what cells do you commonly get latent infection in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what blockes virus early promoters and thereofre blocks cellular apoptosis? |
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Definition
latency proteins
miRNA
IFN (as inhibits replication of virus) |
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Term
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Definition
| microRNA = regulates gene expression |
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Term
| lytic cycle can be induced in latent herpes infection by... |
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Definition
...
transcription factors (eg glucocorticoids - dexamethasone)
stress
activators of cAMP eg forskolin |
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Term
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Definition
| antisense to early gene transcripts = stops virus replictaion and protein synth |
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Term
| alpha herpes is lytic in... |
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Definition
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Term
| alpha herpes is latent in... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| req close physical contact (is contagious) as doesnt survive well in enviro |
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Term
| reactivation and shedding of virus caused by... |
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Definition
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Term
| herpes dz more severe in... |
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Definition
| ...young and immunosupressed |
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Term
| herpes infection in preg animal = |
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Definition
| some can cross placenta and cause abprtion |
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) |
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Term
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Definition
- rhinotracheitis
-fever
-serous nasal discharge
-cough
-conjunctivitis
-discharge becomes purulent with epi ulceration
-may cause abportion (viraemia - cross placenta - abortion)
-can cause generalized dz ig get viraemia - encephalitis in calves (as young dont have as gd IFN response = no latent infection in nerves = fatal
Can cause genital infection
-pustular vulvovaginits & balanoposthitis
-cows may concieve to infected bulls (abortions rare if ever!) |
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Term
| latent BHV 1 infection occurs in... |
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Definition
| ...trigeminal nerves or if genital infection sacroiliac plexus |
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Term
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Definition
venereal
shed in nasal secretions |
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Term
| explain shipping fever complex and the incr of BHV 1 spread |
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Definition
| incr stress due to transport = incr shedding of BHV 1 in nasal secretions = incr spread |
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Term
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Definition
| ...pneumnia (secondary infection) |
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Term
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Definition
related to BHV 1
similar range of resp symptoms
conjunctivitis
abortion |
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Term
| dx of BHV 1 (alpha herpes viruses) |
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Definition
1. virus isolation from nasal or vag swab in virus transport media
2. fluorescent Ab test
3. serology -Ab titre
4. PCR :) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| optimum replication of BHV 2 = |
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Definition
| 35C (below body temp = targets skin) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ulcerative skin lesions on udder and teats
pseudo-lumpy skin dz (generelised lesions over body) |
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Term
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Definition
| cow got latent BHV 2, preg + stress = reactivates BHV 2 = infect sucking calfs mouth = viraemia and latency in nerves |
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Term
| BHV 2 occurs in what parts of the world? |
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Definition
| temperate areas such as the UK |
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Term
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Definition
| spread dz by direct or indirect contact |
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Term
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Definition
| capable of causing infection |
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Term
| how can you tell diff between pseudo-lumpy skin dz from BHV 2 and pox virus infection? (as their clinical signs are v similar) |
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Definition
| pox virus causing lumpy skin dz is not found in UK |
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Term
| pseudo-lumpy skin dz associated with |
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Definition
| transmission by biting insects |
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Term
| pseudo-lumpy skin dz most commonly seen in what areas of the world |
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Definition
subtropical
but has been seen in UK |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
postpartum metritis
decr fertility |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical (maternal to fetal) |
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Term
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Definition
| encephalomyelitis in young calves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| not been recorded but probs have it in UK, just not been recorded |
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Term
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Definition
| temp attenuated intranasla or systemic vacc |
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Term
| how does BHV temp attenuated vacc work? |
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Definition
too hot = virus disassembles and cant reassemble
too cold = virus cant disassemble = cant infect host cell and can only grow in upper nose where its cold enough |
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Term
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Definition
dont prevent infection with wild type BHV
but does prevent development of dz
=cant eradicate virus with vacc |
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Term
| BHV vacc freq used with... |
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Definition
...PI3 (peptidase inhibitor 3 = antibacterial)
...RSV (resp syncytial virus)
...or BVDV |
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Term
| resistance /protection occurs how long after BHV vacc? |
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Definition
| 24hrs therefor egd idea if some of herd infected, vacc the rest of herd straight away to try and protect the rest of herd |
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Term
| what EHVs are qu similar to BHV 1 but not as pathogenic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fever
serous nasal discharge which becomes purulent
will cross placenta and cause abortion or still births
perinatal infection (around time of birth) = severe generalised dz and death in foals
myeloencephalitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
less pathogenic dz than EHV 1
frequently subclinical |
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Term
| lytic replication of EHV 4 is restricted to... |
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Definition
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Term
| majority of EHV 4 cases seen in... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ...URT and endothelial cells (once viraemia occured) |
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Term
| latent EHV 1 infection in.... |
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Definition
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Term
| shedding of EHV 1 occurs... |
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Definition
| ...in stressed horse or preg mare |
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Term
| when should you vacc horses to protect against EHV? |
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Definition
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Term
| do outbreaks more commonly occur in EHV 1 or 4? |
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Definition
| EHV 1, as there is lower prevelance of EHV 1 = less carrier animals = less immunity = outbreaks of EHV 1 more likely to occur as animals more susceptible to EHV 1 |
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Term
| aborted fetuses infected with EHV = |
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Definition
-scattered cellular necrosis
-nuclear inclusion bodies
-EHV 1 Ags
lesions are moe associated with resp system in stillbirths |
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Term
| myeloencephalitis due to EHV 1 = |
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Definition
-can be sporadic or epidemic
-signs = ataxia (mild (and recover) to severe-paralysis of limbs and progress to recumbancy and death)
-only endotheliotropic strains can cause this
-asscoiated with thrombosis, vasculitis, hypoxic necrosis of neuronal tissue
-virus not always isolated from lesions
-dz can occur in vacc horses and is more likely to occur in carrier horses
-can get perivascular cuffing
- |
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Term
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Definition
1. immunohistology to see EHV 1 Ags
2. serology - distinguish between EHV 1 and 4 and ID carriers in unvacc animals
2. virus isolation
3. PCR - can distinguish neurotropic strains |
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Term
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Definition
| acyclovir (inhibits DNA pol irreversibly) - in late lytic replictaion wirus relies on own wiral DNA pol |
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Term
| how successful has acyclovir been? |
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Definition
| v successful for txing cold sores in ppl, variable results from horse trials |
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Term
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Definition
| combined vacc containing EHV 1 and 4 |
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Term
| recommended who gets EHV combined vacc? |
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Definition
all horses at risk including preg mares to decr shedding
hogh levels of protective maternal Abs means foals shouldnt be vacc until 5months old |
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Term
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Definition
coital exanthema (skin rash)
genital infection - relatively mild |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| EHV 3 much more common than dz (v widespread virus but only see clinical cases now and then) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| approx 50% of feline URT dzs caused by FHV1 9other half caused by calici virus |
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Term
| how can you tell FHV 1 and FCV apart? |
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Definition
dx test eg PCR
also FCV tends to cuase more ulcers and conjunctivitis (but to know for sure need to do dx test) |
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Term
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Definition
CATS UP TO 1yr old
-fever
-nasal discharge
-slaivation
-keratitis/corneal ulcers
OLDER CATS
-subclinical to mild dz
KITTENS
-sever rhinotracheitis bronhcitis and pneumonia
PREG QUEEN
-abortion |
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Term
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Definition
| temp attenuated intransal or parenteral |
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Term
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Definition
genital dz
keratitis/conjunctivitis
severe resp syndrome of dogs in kennels (associated with corona virus)
acute generalised infection of puppies - haemorhagic necrotic lesions in liver, lungs and kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| gamma herpes is latent in... |
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Definition
| ...lymphoid cells (t or bcells) |
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Term
| gamma herpes virus is lytic in... |
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Definition
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Term
| alcephaline herpes virus 1 = |
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Definition
bovine malignant catarhhal fever in cattle cograzing with wild animals eg in zoo or africa
or occurs when cattle and deer in UK grazing in close association with sheep (espec suring lambing) |
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Term
| ovine herpes virus 2 latent infection is in... |
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Definition
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Term
| signs of ovine herpes virus 2 = |
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Definition
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Term
| ovine herpes virus 2 lutic infection in... |
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Definition
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Term
| spread/infection of gamma herpes virus occurs by... |
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Definition
| ...inhaltion or ingestion |
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Term
| incubation period of gamma herpes = |
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Definition
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Term
| infection of CD8+Tcells with gamma herpes = |
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Definition
widespread prolif of Tcells bt dont make IL2 so eventually Tcells die. B4 they dies they release cytokines = dmaging inflam response = leisons in all lymphoid tissue and enlargement of lymph glands
upreg of inflam cytokines and down reg of IL2 |
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Term
| clinical signs of gamma herpes = |
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Definition
-necrotic lesions at mucosal surfaces, GIT and resp tract in kidneys
-fever
-depression
-diarrhoea
-opthalmia (inflam of eye)
-profuse nasal and occular discharge
-nervous symptoms
-death in approx 1wk (as no real immune response)
-some cases may partially recover but are weak and have artherosclerosis and occular lesions
-uvieits and cornela oedema with malignant catarrh |
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