Term
|
Definition
| the resistance (pressure) in arteries that must be overcome to empty blood from the ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variation from the normal rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of cardiac muscle to generate impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bradycardia associated with an irregularity of heart rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutralizing of the polarity of a cardiac cell by an inflow of sodium ions. Depolarization results incontraction of the cardiac cell and renders it incapable of further cotraction until reploarization occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affecting the force of cardiac muscle contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the vlume of blood in the cardiac ventricle at the end of diastole |
|
|
Term
| premature ventricular contraction (PVC) |
|
Definition
| contraction of the ventricles without a corresponding contraction of the atria. PVCs arise from an irritable focus or foci in the ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the return of the cell membrane to its resting polarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amt of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each beat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tachycardia associaated with an irregularity in normal heart rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a faster than normal rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 2 dorsal chambers of the heart. When blood flows into your heart from the body or lungs, it always flows into either the right or left atrium—never anywhere else. (One upper chamber is called an atrium. Both upper chambers together are called the atria.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 2 dorsal chambers of the heart. When blood leaves your heart, it is always pumped out from the ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong muscle tissue, of which the chambers of the heart are primarily composed, which contracts to eject the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wall, called the septum, separates the left and right sides of your heart. Blood that hasn't yet been to the lungs (blood with no oxygen) stays on the right side of the septum. Blood returning from the lungs (blood with oxygen) stays on the left side of the septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular valves control blood flow between your heart's upper and lower chambers. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the mitral valve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Semilunar valves control blood flow out of your heart (Figure 2). Blood flows out of the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary valve. Blood flows out of the left ventricle to your body through the aortic valve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oxygen-poor (blue) blood from your body returns to your heart and flows into the right atrium
From the rigth atrium, blood flows through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle
The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve and into the lungs.
In the lungs, the blood's oxygen supply is replenished
The oxygenated (red) blood flows back to your heart and into the left atrium
From the left atrium, blood flows through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta and out to the rest of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wall, called the septum, separates the left and right sides of your heart. Blood that hasn't yet been to the lungs (blood with no oxygen) stays on the right side of the septum. Blood returning from the lungs (blood with oxygen) stays on the left side of the septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular valves control blood flow between your heart's upper and lower chambers. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the mitral valve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Semilunar valves control blood flow out of your heart (Figure 2). Blood flows out of the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary valve. Blood flows out of the left ventricle to your body through the aortic valve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oxygen-poor (blue) blood from your body returns to your heart and flows into the right atrium
From the rigth atrium, blood flows through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle
The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve and into the lungs.
In the lungs, the blood's oxygen supply is replenished
The oxygenated (red) blood flows back to your heart and into the left atrium
From the left atrium, blood flows through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta and out to the rest of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wall, called the septum, separates the left and right sides of your heart. Blood that hasn't yet been to the lungs (blood with no oxygen) stays on the right side of the septum. Blood returning from the lungs (blood with oxygen) stays on the left side of the septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wall, called the septum, separates the left and right sides of your heart. Blood that hasn't yet been to the lungs (blood with no oxygen) stays on the right side of the septum. Blood returning from the lungs (blood with oxygen) stays on the left side of the septum |
|
|
Term
| the 1st step of blood flow |
|
Definition
STEP 1. Blood returns to your heart from your body and lungs.
Oxygen-poor blood from your body flows into your right atrium.
At the same time, oxygen-rich blood from your lungs flows into your left atrium |
|
|
Term
| the 2nd step of blood flow |
|
Definition
STEP 2. Blood flows from the upper to the lower chambers.
Blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle.
At the same time, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| the 3rd step of blood flow |
|
Definition
STEP 3. Blood is pumped back out to your lungs and body.
Your right ventricle pumps blood out of your heart to your lungs, where the blood's oxygen supply is replenished.
At the same time, your left ventricle pumps blood — once again full of oxygen — out of your heart to your body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
~Venae cava (cranial and caudal vena cava)
~right atrium
~right atrioventricular (AV) valve (aka tricuspid valve)
~right ventricle
~pulmonary valve
~pulmonary arteries
~through branching vessels to the pulmonary capillaries of the alveoli
~through vessels that increase in diameter and become the pulmonary veins
~left atrium
left atrioventricular valve (aka mitral valve)
~left ventricle
~aortic valve
coronary arteries and aorta |
|
|
Term
| What is an ECG and how does it work? |
|
Definition
| Electrocardiogram - electrical currents cause the stylus to move up or down as the paper unrolls beneath it, creating a record of depolarization and repolarization as waves in the line that may be measured for magnitude and rate using the boxes on the graph paper. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bump in the graph associated with the depolarization of the atria. When the SA node generates an electrical impulse, anECG d the impulse spreads across the atria, the stylus is momentarily deflected from its resting position, creating a pump in the previously straight line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created by ventricular depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repolarization of the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| What heart abnormalities may be suspected if the QRS complex is longer than normal? |
|
Definition
| enlargement of the ventricles or poor conduction of the electrical impulse through the Purkinje fibers of the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| What heart abnormalities may be suspected if there are more P waves (atrial depolarization) than QRS waves (ventricular depolarization)? |
|
Definition
| not every electrical impulse generated by the SA node is being successfully transmitted through the AV node to the ventricles (condition called heart block) |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? |
|
Definition
| Blood going through the systemic circ is under higher pressure than blood in the pulmonary or coronary circ. It takes more pressure to carry blood to every extremity than to carry through the shorter coronary and pulmonary routes, esp when gravity is considered. Blood in systemic circ also encounters more resistance to flow, and there is more blood in the systemic circ system at any given time than there is in the coronary or pulmonary sys. |
|
|
Term
| the three major types of blood vessels. |
|
Definition
| Capillaries, arteries, and veins |
|
|
Term
| Capillaries in the systemic and coronary systems |
|
Definition
| in the systemic and coronary systems, the capillaries are where oxygen and nutrients in the blood are exchanged for carbon dioxide and other waste products that are taken back toward the heart. |
|
|
Term
| Capillaries in the pulmonary circulation |
|
Definition
| . In the pulmonary circulation, the capillaries of the lungs are where oxygen-poor blood picks up oxygen and transports it back to the heart. |
|
|
Term
| Arteries in the systemic and coronary circulation |
|
Definition
| in the systemic and coronary circulation arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, |
|
|
Term
| Arteries in the pulmonary circulation |
|
Definition
| in the pulmonary circulation, arteries carry oxygen-poor blood |
|
|
Term
| Veins in the systemic and coronary circulation, |
|
Definition
| in the systemic and coronary circulation, veins carry oxygen-poor blood |
|
|
Term
| Veins in the pulmonary circulation |
|
Definition
| in the pulmonary circulation, veins carry oxygen-rich blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of blood that leaves the heart, determined by stroke volume and heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of blood ejected with each cardiac contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how often the heart contracts |
|
|
Term
| what equation expresses the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sinoatrial node - locaated in the right atrium and is the pacemaker of the heart. a specialized area of cardiac muscle cells that possess the quality of automatically generating the electrical impulses that trigger the repeated beating of a heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that increased filling of the heart, also called increased preload) results in increased cardiac contraction; this means that a slight stretch of the ventricular muscles increases te force with which they contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The A-V node is a bundle of specialized cells between the heart's upper and lower chambers (between the atria and ventricles). The A-V node cells are special because they allow electricity to pass through them. Except in rare conditions, no other cells between the atria and ventricles allow this. So, the A-V node is the "electrical bridge" between the atria and ventricles.
Some types of slow heart rhythms (bradycardias) are caused by problems in the A-V node. |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the His-Purkinje system? |
|
Definition
His Bundle (the start of the system)
Right bundle branch
Left bundle branch
Purkinje fibers (the end of the system) |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the electrical system for the heart? |
|
Definition
STEP 1. The S-A node (natural pacemaker) creates an electrical signal
STEP 2. The electrical signal follows natural electrical pathways through both atria. The movement of electricity causes the atria to contract, which helps push blood into the ventricles
STEP 3. The electrical signal reaches the A-V node (electrical bridge). There, the signal pauses to give the ventricles time to fill with blood.
STEP 4. The electrical signal spreads through the His-Purkinje system. The movement of electricity causes the ventricles to contract and push blood out to your lungs and body. |
|
|
