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Veterinary Medical Terminology
Chapter 2 - Where, Why, and What?
173
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 1
07/21/2013

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Term
Ventral
Definition
belly or underside of body or body part
Term
Dorsal
Definition
back
Term
Cranial
Definition
toward the head
Term
Caudal
Definition
toward the tail
Term
Anterior
Definition
front of the body
Term
Posterior
Definition
rear of the body
Term
Rostral
Definition
nose end of the head
Term
Cephalic
Definition
pertaining to the head
Term
Medial
Definition
toward the midline
Term
Lateral
Definition
away from the midline
Term
Superior
Definition
uppermost, above, toward the head
Term
Inferior
Definition
lowermost, below, toward the tail
Term
Proximal
Definition
nearest the midline, nearest to the beginning of a structure
Term
Distal
Definition
farthest from the midline, farthest from the beginning of a structure
Term
Superficial
Definition
near the surface (external)
Term
Deep
Definition
away from the surface (internal)
Term
Palmar
Definition
caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus (from the antebrachial joint distally)
Term
Plantar
Definition
caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus (from the tibiotarsal joint distally)
Term
Midsagittal Plane
Definition
divides the body into equal right and left halves (median)
Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition
divides the body into unequal right and left parts
Term
Dorsal Plane
Definition
divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts (frontal or coronal plane)
Term
Transverse Plane
Definition
divides the body into cranial and caudal parts (horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane)
Term
-logy
Definition
study of
Term
Anatomy
Definition
study of body structure
Term
Physiology
Definition
study of body function
Term
Pathology
Definition
study of nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions
Term
Pathophysiology
Definition
study of changes in function caused by disease
Term
Etiology
Definition
study of disease
Term
Arcade
Definition
term used to describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth
Term
Lingual Surface
Definition
aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue
Term
Palatal Surface
Definition
tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue
Term
Buccal Surface
Definition
aspect of tooth that faces the cheek (vestibular surface)
Term
Occlusal Surfaces
Definition
aspects of teeth that meet when you chew
Term
Labial Surface
Definition
tooth surface facing the lips
Term
Contact Surfaces
Definition
aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth
Term
Mesial (Contact Surface)
Definition
closest to the midline of the dental arcade or arch
Term
Distal (Contact Surface)
Definition
farthest from the midline of the dental arcade or arch
Term
Cavity
Definition
hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
hollow space that contains the brain and the skull
Term
Spinal Cavity
Definition
hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column
Term
Thoracic Cavity (Chest Cavity)
Definition
hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm
Term
Abdominal Cavity
Definition
hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity
Term
Peritoneal Cavity
Definition
hollow space within the abdominal cavity between parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
Term
Pelvic Cavity
Definition
hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems (urinary bladder and rectum) organs bounded by the pelvic bones
Term
Abdomen
Definition
portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdominal cavity
Term
Thorax
Definition
chest region located between the neck and diaphragm
Term
Groin
Definition
lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh; also known as the inguinal area
Term
Membranes
Definition
thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it covers some organs in this area
Term
Parietal Peritoneum
Definition
outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Term
Visceral Peritoneum
Definition
inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs
Term
Peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritoneum
Term
Umbilicus
Definition
pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus (navel)
Term
Mesentery
Definition
layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity
Term
Retroperitoneal
Definition
superficial to the peritoneum
Term
Recumbent
Definition
lying down
Term
Dorsal Recumbency
Definition
lying on the back
Term
Ventral Recumbency
Definition
lying on the belly (sternal recumbency)
Term
Left Lateral Recumbency
Definition
lying on the left side
Term
Right Lateral Recumbency
Definition
lying on the right side
Term
Prone
Definition
lying in the ventral or sternal recumbency
Term
Supine
Definition
lying in dorsal recmbency
Term
Adduction
Definition
movement toward the midline
Term
Abduction
Definition
movement away from the midline
Term
Flexion
Definition
closure of a joint angle, or reduction of the angle between two bones
Term
Extension
Definition
straightening of a joint or an increase int the angle between two bones
Term
Hyperflexion, Hyperextension
Definition
occur when a joint is flexed or extened too far
Term
Supination
Definition
act of rotation the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward
Term
Pronation
Definition
act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward
Term
Rotation
Definition
circular movement around an axis
Term
Cyt/o
Definition
Cell
Term
Cytology
Definition
study of cells
Term
Protoplasm
Definition
cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
Term
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
Definition
structure lining the cell that protects the cell's contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
Term
Nucleus
Definition
structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane
Term
Nucleoplasm
Definition
material in the nucleus
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
structures in the nucleus composed of DNA, which transmits genetic information
Term
Genetic Disorder
Definition
any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes
Term
Congenital
Definition
something that is present at birth
Term
Anomaly
Definition
deviation from what is regarded as normal
Term
Tissue
Definition
group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function
Term
Histology
Definition
study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue
Term
Hist/o
Definition
Tissue
Term
Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium)
Definition
covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements
Term
Endothelium
Definition
cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs, including blood vessels
Term
Mesothelium
Definition
cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes such as peritoneum
Term
Meso-
Definition
middle
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place and binding body parts together
Term
Adipose Tissue
Definition
form of connective tissue, also known as fat
Term
Adip/o
Definition
fat
Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
contains cell material with specialized ability to contract and relax
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
Term
-plasia
Definition
formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers
Term
-trophy
Definition
formation, development, and increase in the size of tissue and cells
Term
Anaplasia
Definition
change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
Term
Aplasia
Definition
lack of development of an organ or a tissue or cell
Term
Dysplasia
Definition
abnormal growth or development of an organ or tissue or cell
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue or a cell
Term
Hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
Term
Neoplasia
Definition
abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more than normal, and progressive
Term
Tumor
Definition
a distinct mass of tissue usually formed from neoplasms
Term
Benign
Definition
not recurring
Term
Malignant
Definition
tending to spread and be life threatening
Term
-oma
Definition
tumore or neoplasm
Term
Atrophy
Definition
decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell
Term
Dystrophy
Definition
defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
increase int he size of an organ or tissue or cell
Term
Neo-
Definition
new
Term
Ana-
Definition
without
Term
Glands
Definition
groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body
Term
Aden/o
Definition
gland
Term
Exocrine Glands
Definition
groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream which transports them throughout the body
Term
Organ
Definition
part of the body that performs a special function or functions
Term
Bicornuate Uterus
Definition
uterus with two horns
Term
Unilateral
Definition
pertaining to one side
Term
Bilateral
Definition
pertaining to two sides
Term
Oste/o Oss/e Oss/i
Definition
bones
Term
Arthr/o
Definition
joints
Term
Chondr/o
Definition
cartilage
Term
My/o
Definition
muscles
Term
Fasc/i Fasci/o
Definition
Fascia
Term
Ten/o Tend/o Tendin/o
Definition
tendons
Term
Cardi/o
Definition
heart
Term
Arteri/o
Definition
arteries
Term
Ven/o Phleb/o
Definition
veins
Term
Hem/o Hemat/o
Definition
blood
Term
Lymph/o
Definition
lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes
Term
Tonsill/o
Definition
tonsils
Term
Splen/o
Definition
spleen
Term
Thym/o
Definition
Thymus
Term
Nas/o Rhin/o
Definition
nose or nares
Term
Pharyng/o
Definition
pharynx
Term
Trache/o
Definition
trachea
Term
Laryng/o
Definition
larynx
Term
Pneum/o Pneumon/o
Definition
lungs
Term
Or/o Stomat/o
Definition
mouth
Term
Esophag/o
Definition
esophagus
Term
Gastr/o
Definition
stomach
Term
Enter/o
Definition
small intestine
Term
Col/o Colon/o
Definition
large intestine
Term
Hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
Pancreat/o
Definition
pancreas
Term
Ren/o Nephr/o
Definition
kidneys
Term
Ureter/o
Definition
ureters
Term
Cyst/o
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
Urethr/o
Definition
urethra
Term
Neur/o Neur/i
Definition
nerves
Term
Encephal/o
Definition
brain
Term
Myel/o
Definition
spinal cord
Term
Opthalm/o Ocul/o Opt/o Opt/i
Definition
eyes
Term
Optic/o
Definition
sight
Term
Ot/o Aur/i Aur/o Audit/o Aud/i
Definition
ears
Term
Acoust/o Acous/o
Definition
external ear
Term
Dermat/o Derm/o Cutane/o
Definition
skin
Term
Adren/o
Definition
adrenals
Term
Gonad/o Pineal/o
Definition
gonads
Term
Pituit/o
Definition
pituitary
Term
thyroid/o thyr/o
Definition
thyroid
Term
Orch/o Orchid/o Testicul/o
Definition
testes
Term
Ovari/o Oophor/o
Definition
ovaries
Term
Hyster/o Metr/o Metr/i Metri/o Uter/o
Definition
uterus
Term
Uni- Mono-
Definition
1
Term
Duo- Bi- Dyo-
Definition
2
Term
Tri-
Definition
3
Term
Quadri- Quadro- Tetr- Tetra-
Definition
4
Term
Quinqu- Quint- Pent- Penta-
Definition
5
Term
Sex- Hex- Hexa-
Definition
6
Term
Sept- Septi- Hept- Hepta-
Definition
7
Term
Octo- Oct- Octa- Octo-
Definition
8
Term
Novem- Nonus- Ennea-
Definition
9
Term
Deca- Decem- Dek- Deka-
Definition
10
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