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vet med review
veterinary medicine
50
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
07/28/2011

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
thiopental
Definition

is a barbiturate

require redistribution into tissues to be eliminated from body  such as fat.

so should not be used in sight hounds

Term
Actinomycosis
Definition

Actinomyces bovis=lumpy jaw

normal rumen flora

Term
WHAT swine disease is a major worldwide cause of fetal death without signs of illness in the sow, and is controlled mainly by vaccination
Definition
Porcine Parvovirus affects seronegative sows exposed during the first half of gestation. Affected sows may return to estrus, fail to farrow despite being anestrus, have small litters, or have a high proportion of mummies. Vaccines in the United States are inactivated.
Term
Trigeminal nerve
Definition

innervates the temporalis and massetter muscles.

right trigeminal neuropathy causes atrophy of these muscles UNILATERALLY

 

masticatory myositis- affects the same muscles but is BILATERAL

Term
 When do the majority of abortions occur in cattle infected with Neospora
Definition

epizootic bovine abortion. foot hill abortion. Heifers tick vector=ornithodoros Coriaceus. early Embryonic death

 

4-6 months A firm diagnosis is based on histologic lesions which are found in the brain (and also other organs) and consist of scattered foci of nonsuppurative cellular infiltrates with occasional foci of necrosis

 

other causes of abortion tend to occur later in gestation (such as Brucella, Listeria, and leptospirosis

Term
What is true about hernias in swine
Definition

inguinal hernias in pigs is heritable.

Both inguinal and umbilical hernias occur commonly in pigs.

Inguinal hernias occur more commonly in males than females, particularly after castration.

 They can be unilateral or bilateral and occur more commonly on the left side.

Umbilical hernias occur in both sexes but are slightly more common in females.

Term

The livers have numerous white fibrous spots

coughing young pigs and a high rate of condemned livers at slaughter

The large (15 to 40 cm) roundworm lives in the small intestine after a migration of larvae through the liver and lung, causing pathology. The adults also reduce growth rates and feed efficiency. .

Definition

Ascaris suum

The kidney worm, Stephanurus dentatus, can also cause hepatic lesions

Term

Cushing response in a dog is characterized by ____?

 

 

Cerebral perfusion pressure= Mean arterial pressure - intracranial pressure or (CPP=MAP-ICP).

Definition

 a cushing response is a compensatory mechanism that can be seen when there is markedly elevated intracranial pressure.  

*intracranial hypertension results in decreased cerebral bld flow.

*in response to Co2 accumulation from decreased blood flow, the vasomotor center emits a sympathetic discharge, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction, which elevats the MAP to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure.  

*the increased blood pressure sensed at baroreceptors results in a reflex bradycardia.  

*the combination of hypetension and bradycardia in a decreasd consciousness patient should alert the clinician to the possibility of increased intracranial pressure and prompt aggressive treatment

 hypertonic saline 3-5ml/kg over 10-15min used for resuscitation

mannitol 0.5-2.0 g/kg until euvolemia is restored

angle head uniformly 15-30 degrees above the body

Term
What body systems are most affected in an anaphylactic reaction in a horse
Definition
The correct answer is lungs and colon. These are referred to sometimes as the shock organs in the horse. When a horse undergoes an anaphylactic reaction from an allergen or chemical stimulus, the primary signs will be respiratory and lower GI and will include dyspnea or severe respiratory distress and diarrhea. Other common signs include anxiety, tachycardia, piloerection, and sweating. Treatment of anaphylactic shock usually includes injection with some combination of epinephrine, corticosteroids, and an antihistamine
Term
ptosis
Definition
Blepharoptosis, also referred to as ptosis, is defined as an abnormal low-lying upper eyelid margin with the eye in primary gaze
Term
inChlamydia psittaci
Definition
Your client's turkey developed nasal and ocular discharge, weight loss, inappetence, and then died. You performed a necropsy and found pneumonia, multifocal necrosis in the liver and spleen, and severe pericarditis. Histopathologic findings included many basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions found in the affected organs. What is the most likely cause of death?
Term
chloramphenicol
Definition

banned in food animals

broad spectrum

esp. with anaerobic bacteria

used for infections in small ani and horses

for urinary, localized soft tissue infections

example for cats with uremic signs from CRF

Term
famotidine
Definition
H2 receptor antagonist to reduce GI acid production
Term
Amlodipine
Definition

calcium channel blocker used most often for treating hypertension in cats.

peripheral arteriolar vasodilator

slight negative inotrope

Term
Atropine
Definition

*Anti-cholinergic

*dilates and inhibits accommodaion  of the pupil

*preanesthetic to prevent respiratory tract secrections

*tx sinus bradycardia or SA arrest or incomplet AV block

*Antidote for overdose of cholinergic like:

 *physostigmine

 *mushroom

 *carbamates

 *blue-green algae intoxication

 *organophosphates

Term
Tobramycin
Definition
broadspectrum aminoglycoside esp. treatment of serious gram negative and anaerobic infections in most species. it is often used in settings  where gentamicin-resistant bacteria are a clinical problem
Term
Aminoglycosides
Definition
Nephrotoxicity
Term
Diclofenac (Surpass)
Definition

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug/NSAID

topical use in horses forlocal control of joint pain and inflammmation associated with osteoarthritis in tarsal carpal and metacarpophalangeal, metarsophalangeal and ineterphalangeal.

can be use in other vet species to reduce the production of prostaglandis associated with pain, hyperpyrexia and inflammation

Term
Histoplasma Capsulatum
Definition

GI and Bone in dogs Respiratory in cats

Saprophyte fungus

fever, wt. loss, poor response to antibitics

seen in buffy coat

small round  with cresent nucleus

not cigar shape (cigar + rnd = sporothrix)

Azole for 4-6 months

if severe than Amphotericin B in Combo ith oral Azole

Cell mediate immnity...NSAIDS?

Term
Strabismus
Definition
is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other.[2] It typically involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles, which prevents bringing the gaze of each eye to the same point in space and preventing proper binocular vision, which may adversely affect depth perception.
Term
Ataxia
Definition
lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum
Term
What is the approximate resting energy requirement for a 25 kg dog?
Definition

The correct answer is 800 kcal/day. 

 

this calculation is (30xBW + 70).

Term
intrathecal
Definition
introduced into or occurring in the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord
Term
Severe ringbone in a horse is best treated with which of the following?
Definition

The correct answer is surgical arthrodesis of the pastern joint. Ringbone is osteoarthritis of the phalanges. It can be caused by poor conformation, improper shoeing, and trauma such as wire cuts or repetitive concussion on hard surfaces. Diagnosis can be made on palpation of soft tissue thickness and new bone formation in the pastern region as well as by radiography. Range of motion of the involved joints is decreased

pastern =ring bone= high ring bone

coffin =low ring bone

Term
calculate how much sodium bicarbonate to give for base deficit
Definition

.3 X kg X deficit

 

.3X 470 X 13=1833 Meq

Term
functional brain imaging, combined with structural data gleaned from either MRI or CT and CSf
Definition
CSF- can aid in ruling out  overt inflammatory disease and may be beneficial as a screening test. increased protein concentration and a normal to mild increase in total nucleated cells  count = albuminocytologic dissociation are typical for an intracranial neoplasm. others may have incresed white blood cells. cytology is non-specific for tumor type and tumorlocation. CSF should be avoided due to risk of herniation when increased intracranial pressue is suspected
Term
spontaneous cardiomyopathy
Definition

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy, also known as round heart disease of turkeys, is a disease that manifests as sudden death due to cardiac arrest in young (less than 3-4 week old) turkeys. While the precise etiology is unknown, it is thought that ischemia, particularly during the brooding period, plays an important role.
The characteristic finding is an affected animal less than 4-weeks old that has a markedly enlarged heart with dilatation of the ventricles, congested lungs, and an enlarged liver. In some cases, ascites and other signs of congestive heart failure may be present.

 

dilated cardiomyopathy in cats which can be caused by taurine deficiency.

 

 

Term
vesicular stomatitis virus -pigs
Definition
clinical presentation cannot distinguish between all of these viruses, any time vesicles are present in pigs, federal authorities need to be contacted immediately
Term
You diagnose a horse with sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabei). What should you do next
Definition
The correct answer is report the infection to authorities. Sarcoptic mange is a reportable disease in horses
Term
the Dazzle reflex
Definition

is a mid-brain response-allows an animal to squint in response to bright light. if absent then means disease of retina or optic nerve

Cats with cortico-blindness will retain dazzle reflex and will retain pupillary light reflex

Term
Which group of drugs cannot legally be used in an extra label manner in the United States on food producing cattle?
Definition

diethyl stilbestrol, chloramphenicol, nitroimidazoles, clenbuterol, fluoroquinolones(enrogloxacin), vancomycin, nitrofurans

 

it is not permitted to use phenylbutazone and most sulfas in adult dairy cattle

Term
obtundation /obtunded
Definition
[ob′tundā′shən]
Etymology: L, obtundere, to blunt, atus, process
a greatly reduced level of consciousness. The patient is not yet comatose but is close, arousing only with very strong stimulus.
Term
A thoracentesis
Definition
is a surgical puncture of the chest wall to aspirate fluid or air from the pleural cavity. A pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
Term
Treating Hyperkalemia
Definition

           dextrose -this stimulates insulin secretion

           Sodium bicarbonate

           calcium gluconate

 

 

 

if potassium exceeds 7 mEq/L. 0.9% Sodium chloride is the fluid of choice to treat this disturbance.

Term
Definition

coccidia=isospora= sulfadimethoxine or trimethoprim sulfa.

Droncit- Primarily for cestodes (tapeworms)


Revolution- For fleas, heartworms, hookworms, roundworms, ear mites

 
Strongid- Primarily for roundworms and hookworms


Metronidazole- Primarily for anaerobes, also used for giardia

Term
nephrotic syndrome
Definition

four components of nephrotic syndrome are:

proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, ascites/edema

 

 

Hypercoagulability is not a component of nephrotic syndrome, although it can occur with protein-losing nephropathies due to the loss of antithrombin III.

Term
The horse does not release reticulocytes into the peripheral circulation
Definition
need to do a Bone Marrow Aspirate 
 

Explanation - The horse does not release reticulocytes into the peripheral circulation; therefore you must look at a bone marrow sample to identify if the horse has a regenerative anemia.

Term
nerve blocks for the horse
Definition

High four point block

Low four point block

abaxial sesamoid block

palmar digital block

 

Term
what do you use to cause leuteolysis of the corpus luteum in a mare
Definition
PGF2α
Term
Fluoxetine
Definition

a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI)

 Fluoxetine (Prozac) is an anti-depressant and SSRI that can be used to treat cats

Term
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs
Definition

 Bacteria that causes some mortality in young growing pigs .

the virulence of APP is due to exotoxin production by the bacteria which causes a vasculitis and hemolysis, especially in lung.

 

acute outbreak of sudden death. Pigs average 80 lbs

blood coming out of the nose

 

 

Term
this is a pestivirus. it is closely related to BVDV. Pigs seroconvert with BVDV and BVDV cross react w/ CSF assays for this virus in pigs.
Definition
Classical swine fever/hog cholera
Term
differentiate FMD from swine vesicular disease in swine
Definition

FMD - lameness and vesicles on the snot

 vesicular disease vesicles in the mouth, feet and on snot

Term
Haemophilus parasuis - Glässer's disease.
Definition

fatal polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis of pigs.

 

young pigs (wean - 4 mo) include high fever, anorexia, depression, dyspnea, lameness.

 

Classic lesion is serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis peritonitis.

Turbid joint fluid. Dx by culture. Tx w/ penicillin, tetracycline; remove stressors.

Term
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Definition

Erysipelas typically occurs in grower and finisher pigs

 

does not result in pneumonia.

 

Diamond-shaped skin lesions (thus the name "diamond skin disease") are pathognomonic for Erysipelas

Term
ruminants
viruses that cause oral lesions and diarrhea
Definition

BVDV

Bovine malignant catarrhal fever

Rinderpest-morbilivirus

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis cattle>10d.old

 

Term
cattle viruses that cause oral lesions and no diarrhea
Definition

Epizootic hemmorrahagic dz/NOT SHEEP

Blue tongue -sheep/clinical dz not in cattle

vesicular stomatitis -reportable

foot and mouth-not horses

 

Term
a humid environment will cause ___?___ in snakes
Definition

ulcertative dermatitis.

skin lesions, exposure to fecal degradation products and poor hygiene.

 

NOT INADEQUATE UV LIGHT

Term
Equine cervical vertebral instability

equine degenerative myteloencephalopathy

cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy

equine protazoal myeloencephalopathy
Definition

malformation malarticulation rapid grow males c4-c5 c5-c6

 

equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy young vit E plays role. dismetric gait <6 months of age

 

cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy older C5-C6 C6-C7

 

equine protozoal myeloencephalopathy Asymetrical

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