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| The study of the form and structure of an animal body and its parts. Through antatomy we can describe where things are located in or on the animal body and what they look like. |
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| The study of the functions of the animal body and its parts. Through physiology, we can describe how parts of the body work and what their functions are. |
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| The study of anatomical parts too small to be seen with the unaided eye, such as cells and tissues. |
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| Also called gross anatomy; the study of body parts large enough to be seen without magnification, such as a lung, leg, or brain. |
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| A method of studying anatomy that examines all the component structures that make up each region of the body. For example, the regional approach to abdominal anatomy would examine all the cells, tissues, organs, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves that are present in the abdomen |
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| A method of studying anatomy that examines each system of the body (e.g., skeletal system, reproductive system) as a seperate topic. |
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| What are the four anatomical planes of reference? |
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- Sagittal plane
- Median plane
- Transverse plane
- Dorsal plane
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| A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right parts that are not necessarily equal halves. |
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| A special kind of sagittal plane that runs down the center of the body lengthwise and divides it into equal left and right halves. It is also known as midsagittal plane |
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| A plane at right angles to the sagittal and transverse planes. It divides the body into dorsal (towards the back) and ventral (toward the belly) parts that are not necessarily equal. If an animal stands in water with its body partially submerged, the surface of the water described a dorsal plane. |
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| the caudal end of the sternum (breastbone) |
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| A directional term meaning toward the tip of the nose. Rostral is generally used to describe positions and directions only on the head, where the term cranial loses its meaning. |
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| toward the back (top surface) |
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| toward the belly (bottom surface) |
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| toward the median plane (the center line of the body) |
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| away from the median plane |
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| toward the center of the body or body part (internal is sometimes used in place of deep) |
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| toward the surface of the body or a body part (external is sometimes used in place of superficial) |
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| proximal-distal dividing line for the front leg (equivalent to our wrist) |
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| proximal-distal dividing line for the rear leg (equivalent to our ankle) |
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| back surface of the front leg distal to the carpus-like the palm of our hand-and proximal to the tarsus it is the caudal surface |
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| back of the hind leg distal to the tarsus-like the ground surface of our foot-and proximal to the tarsus it is the caudal surface |
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| The concept that the left and right halves of an animals body are mirror images of each other. |
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It contains the brain and spinal cord, that is, the central nervous system. It consists of two parts:a somewhat spherical cranial cavity in the skull and a long, narrow spinal cavity running down the spine.
(Cranial cavity is also known as the cranium. Spinal cavity is also known as the spinal canal.) |
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| It contains most of the soft organs (viscera) of the body. It is divided by the thin diaphragm muscle into the cranial thoracic cavity, also known as the thorax or chest, and the caudal abdominal cavity, also known as the abdomen. |
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| The thin membrane in the thoracic cavity that covers the thoracic organs (the visceral layer of pleura) and line the thoracic cavity (the parietal layer of pleura). |
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| The first step in the healing process when the body is injured. Its purpose is to "clean up" the damaged area through various inflammatory processes so healing can begin. |
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| The basic functional units of animal life-the smallest subdivisions of the body that are capable of life. |
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| A group of specialized cells. |
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| The entire body is made up of only four basic tissues, what are they? |
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- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
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| Groups of tissues that work together for common purposes. |
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| Groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities. |
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| Maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body. |
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