Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Vet 210 BRCC
Cardiovascular Disease
36
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
02/21/2010

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Definition
When fluid accumulates in the body due to the fact that the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, it is a clinical syndrome, clinical signs result from excess fluid retention
Term
Left sided CHF
Definition
Excess fluid retention leads to ascites leading to pulmonary edema.
Term
Right Sided CHF
Definition
Excess fluid retention leads to ascites, liver failure, usually caused by Heartworm disease
Term
Left Sided CHF Clinical Signs
Definition

Pulmonary edema

Coughing - moist, nocturnal

labored breathing

exercise intolerance

Term
Right Sided CHF Clinical Signs
Definition
Ascites, pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, jugular distention
Term
Heartworm Disease
Definition
coughing, exercise intolerance, weight loss, signs of right sided heart failure
Term
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Definition
most common in older, large breed, male dogs; dilation of heart chamber due to weak, thin myocardium. There is not enough muscle to move blood, but plenty of blood in system. May have and increase HR to compensate. Etiology unknown. Echocardiogram is most definitive diagnosis.
Term
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Clinical Signs
Definition
Ranges from asymptomatic to arrhythmias to episodic weakness to excercise intolerance to syncope to CHF in late stages (may be Right or Left).
Term
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Therapy
Definition
No cure, but may be managed to keep patient comfortable. Diuretic for pulmonary edema, digoxin to increase contractility, enalapril for vasodilation, antiarrhythmic drugs
Term
Feline dilated cardiomyopathy
Definition
Not common today, was due to taurine deficiency, pathology similar to canines. Seen in middle aged/old cats, dyspnea, respiratory distress, acute rear limb paralysis, and saddle thrombus most common clinical signs.
Term
Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy Therapy
Definition
Taurine supplementation, diuretic, digoxin, enalapril, prevent thromboembolism with heparin or aspirin
Term
Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Definition
Left ventricular hypertrophy, increased ventricular muscle mass = decreased size of lumen. Etiology unknown. Ultrasound most definitive diagnosis.
Term
Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinical Signs
Definition
Soft murmur (2-3/6), gallop rhythm or other arrhythmia, acute heart failure, thromboembolism (saddle thrombus), dyspnea, sudden death
Term
Feline Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Therapy
Definition
Diuretic, thoracocentesis, beta blockers (atenolol) or calcium blockers (diltiazem) for tachycardia and outflow obstruction, aspirin for thromboembolism
Term
Congenital Heart Disease
Definition
Uncommon, can be malformation of heart or great vessels, based on genetics and breed predilections
Term
Congenital Heart Disease Clinical Signs
Definition
Failure to grow, dyspnea, weakness, syncope, seizures, sudden death, cyanosis, asymptomatic, loud murmer, precordial thrill (vibration), pulse abnormalities, jugular pulse, abdominal distention (ascites)
Term
3 Types of Congenital Heart Disease
Definition
Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA)
Septal defects - atrial and ventricular
Stenotic valves - aortic and pulmonic
Term
Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA)
Definition
Most common congenital heart defect in dogs, patent ductus arteriosus does not close in neonate. Occurs more frequently in females.
Term
Ductus arteriosis
Definition
normally carries blood from pulmonary artery to the aorta in the unborn baby, but closes 12-14 hrs after birth
Term
PDA Clinical Signs
Definition
loud murmur on left thorax, machinery murmur, congestive heart failure
Term
PDA treatment
Definition
Surgery to ligate should be done by 2 yrs of age, 50% die w/out surgical correction, murmurs usually resolve, overall heart size will normalize, but remains misshapen
Term
Atrial Septal defects
Definition
Defects in the septum (wall) that separates the atria and overloads the right heart
Term
Ventrical septal defects
Definition
Congenital defects in the septum (wall) that separate the ventricals and overloads the left heart
Term
Septal Defects treatment
Definition
Surgery not usually done, managed medically
Term
Stenotic valves
Definition
The aortic or pulmonic valves are dysplastic or malformed
Term
Aortic Stenosis
Definition
Predominately large breeds dogs, develops during 4-8 weeks of age, thickens below valve and obstructs outflow, ultrasound is most definitive diagnosis
Term
Aortic Stenosis Clinical Signs
Definition
Large breed dog, ejection murmer on left side, tires w/ physical exertion, syncope, left congestive heart failure, sudden death, asymptomatic
Term
Stenotic Valve Treatment
Definition
Balloon valvuloplasty - balloon catheter to dilate
Term
Pulmonic Stenosis
Definition
Dysplasia, malformation of the pulmonic valve. Obstructs right heart outflow and right atrium enlarges.
Term
Pulmonic Stenosis Clinical Signs
Definition
Over 1 yr old, syncope, tires w/ exertion, jugular pulse, murmur, right vetricular enlargement, right congestive heart failure
Term
2 Types of Acquired Valvular Disease
Definition

Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency (CMVI)(Mitral, Bicuspid, Left AV valve)

Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency (Right AV Valve)

Term
Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency (CMVI)
Definition
Most common Cardiovascular disorder in dogs, usually in older dogs, progressive disorder, causes 95% of all cases of CHF in small breed dogs. Thickening of free edges of valve, edges roll up and stiffen. Valves do not close completely. Regurgitation of blood causes the sound of the murmur. CMVI is commonly caused by periodontal disease in older animals due to the gram negative bacteria that can enter the blood stream and adhere to the heart valve thickening it.
Term
CMVI Clinical Signs
Definition
Cough - worse at night and with exercise
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Decrease appetite
Murmer - left systolic
Term
CMVI Treatment
Definition
Goal is to maintain length and quality of life, must adjust treatment as the disease progresses w/ diuretics, vasodilators, digioxin
Term
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency
Definition
Thickening of free edges of valve, edges roll up and stiffen. Valves do not close completely. Regurgitation of blood causes the sound of the murmur. Affects right side of heart, see pleural effusion, ascites, hepatomegaly.  Treatment is same as CMVI.
Term
Traumatic Myocarditis
Definition
Blut trauma to the chest. Usually HBC. Arrhythmias may occur 24-72 hrs after trauma. Pulse deficits may occur. See VPCs on ECG.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!