Term
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
|
Definition
| When fluid accumulates in the body due to the fact that the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, it is a clinical syndrome, clinical signs result from excess fluid retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess fluid retention leads to ascites leading to pulmonary edema. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess fluid retention leads to ascites, liver failure, usually caused by Heartworm disease |
|
|
Term
| Left Sided CHF Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
Pulmonary edema
Coughing - moist, nocturnal
labored breathing
exercise intolerance |
|
|
Term
| Right Sided CHF Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
| Ascites, pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, jugular distention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coughing, exercise intolerance, weight loss, signs of right sided heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common in older, large breed, male dogs; dilation of heart chamber due to weak, thin myocardium. There is not enough muscle to move blood, but plenty of blood in system. May have and increase HR to compensate. Etiology unknown. Echocardiogram is most definitive diagnosis. |
|
|
Term
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
| Ranges from asymptomatic to arrhythmias to episodic weakness to excercise intolerance to syncope to CHF in late stages (may be Right or Left). |
|
|
Term
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy Therapy |
|
Definition
| No cure, but may be managed to keep patient comfortable. Diuretic for pulmonary edema, digoxin to increase contractility, enalapril for vasodilation, antiarrhythmic drugs |
|
|
Term
| Feline dilated cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Not common today, was due to taurine deficiency, pathology similar to canines. Seen in middle aged/old cats, dyspnea, respiratory distress, acute rear limb paralysis, and saddle thrombus most common clinical signs. |
|
|
Term
| Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy Therapy |
|
Definition
| Taurine supplementation, diuretic, digoxin, enalapril, prevent thromboembolism with heparin or aspirin |
|
|
Term
| Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Left ventricular hypertrophy, increased ventricular muscle mass = decreased size of lumen. Etiology unknown. Ultrasound most definitive diagnosis. |
|
|
Term
| Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
| Soft murmur (2-3/6), gallop rhythm or other arrhythmia, acute heart failure, thromboembolism (saddle thrombus), dyspnea, sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Feline Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Therapy |
|
Definition
| Diuretic, thoracocentesis, beta blockers (atenolol) or calcium blockers (diltiazem) for tachycardia and outflow obstruction, aspirin for thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uncommon, can be malformation of heart or great vessels, based on genetics and breed predilections |
|
|
Term
| Congenital Heart Disease Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
| Failure to grow, dyspnea, weakness, syncope, seizures, sudden death, cyanosis, asymptomatic, loud murmer, precordial thrill (vibration), pulse abnormalities, jugular pulse, abdominal distention (ascites) |
|
|
Term
| 3 Types of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
Definition
Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA)
Septal defects - atrial and ventricular
Stenotic valves - aortic and pulmonic |
|
|
Term
| Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA) |
|
Definition
| Most common congenital heart defect in dogs, patent ductus arteriosus does not close in neonate. Occurs more frequently in females. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normally carries blood from pulmonary artery to the aorta in the unborn baby, but closes 12-14 hrs after birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loud murmur on left thorax, machinery murmur, congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgery to ligate should be done by 2 yrs of age, 50% die w/out surgical correction, murmurs usually resolve, overall heart size will normalize, but remains misshapen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defects in the septum (wall) that separates the atria and overloads the right heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congenital defects in the septum (wall) that separate the ventricals and overloads the left heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgery not usually done, managed medically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The aortic or pulmonic valves are dysplastic or malformed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Predominately large breeds dogs, develops during 4-8 weeks of age, thickens below valve and obstructs outflow, ultrasound is most definitive diagnosis |
|
|
Term
| Aortic Stenosis Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
| Large breed dog, ejection murmer on left side, tires w/ physical exertion, syncope, left congestive heart failure, sudden death, asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Balloon valvuloplasty - balloon catheter to dilate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dysplasia, malformation of the pulmonic valve. Obstructs right heart outflow and right atrium enlarges. |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonic Stenosis Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
| Over 1 yr old, syncope, tires w/ exertion, jugular pulse, murmur, right vetricular enlargement, right congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
| 2 Types of Acquired Valvular Disease |
|
Definition
Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency (CMVI)(Mitral, Bicuspid, Left AV valve)
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency (Right AV Valve) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency (CMVI) |
|
Definition
| Most common Cardiovascular disorder in dogs, usually in older dogs, progressive disorder, causes 95% of all cases of CHF in small breed dogs. Thickening of free edges of valve, edges roll up and stiffen. Valves do not close completely. Regurgitation of blood causes the sound of the murmur. CMVI is commonly caused by periodontal disease in older animals due to the gram negative bacteria that can enter the blood stream and adhere to the heart valve thickening it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cough - worse at night and with exercise
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Decrease appetite
Murmer - left systolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goal is to maintain length and quality of life, must adjust treatment as the disease progresses w/ diuretics, vasodilators, digioxin |
|
|
Term
| Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency |
|
Definition
| Thickening of free edges of valve, edges roll up and stiffen. Valves do not close completely. Regurgitation of blood causes the sound of the murmur. Affects right side of heart, see pleural effusion, ascites, hepatomegaly. Treatment is same as CMVI. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blut trauma to the chest. Usually HBC. Arrhythmias may occur 24-72 hrs after trauma. Pulse deficits may occur. See VPCs on ECG. |
|
|
